diff --git a/app/src/main/kotlin/net/metacircular/engpad/ui/editor/PadCanvasView.kt b/app/src/main/kotlin/net/metacircular/engpad/ui/editor/PadCanvasView.kt
index 2f62483..2dd232a 100644
--- a/app/src/main/kotlin/net/metacircular/engpad/ui/editor/PadCanvasView.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/kotlin/net/metacircular/engpad/ui/editor/PadCanvasView.kt
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
     // --- Strokes ---
     private val completedStrokes = mutableListOf<StrokeRender>()
 
+    // --- Backing bitmap for completed strokes (screen resolution) ---
+    private var backingBitmap: android.graphics.Bitmap? = null
+    private var backingCanvas: Canvas? = null
+    private var bitmapDirty = true
+
     // --- In-progress stroke ---
     private var currentPath: Path? = null
     private var currentPaint: Paint? = null
@@ -203,6 +208,7 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
             val paint = buildPaint(stroke.penSize, stroke.color, stroke.style)
             completedStrokes.add(StrokeRender(path, paint, stroke.id, stroke.style, points))
         }
+        bitmapDirty = true
         invalidate()
     }
 
@@ -210,11 +216,13 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
         val path = buildPathFromPoints(points)
         val paint = buildPaint(penSize, color, style)
         completedStrokes.add(StrokeRender(path, paint, id, style, points))
+        bitmapDirty = true
         invalidate()
     }
 
     fun removeStroke(id: Long) {
         completedStrokes.removeAll { it.id == id }
+        bitmapDirty = true
         invalidate()
     }
 
@@ -223,6 +231,7 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
     override fun onSizeChanged(w: Int, h: Int, oldw: Int, oldh: Int) {
         super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh)
         rebuildViewMatrix()
+        bitmapDirty = true
     }
 
     override fun onDraw(canvas: Canvas) {
@@ -241,26 +250,12 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
         // Draw grid in screen space with pixel-snapped positions
         drawGridScreenSpace(canvas)
 
-        // Draw everything else in canonical space
-        canvas.withMatrix(viewMatrix) {
-            // Completed strokes
-            for (sr in completedStrokes) {
-                drawPath(sr.path, sr.paint)
-                // Draw arrow heads for arrow-style strokes
-                val pts = sr.points
-                if (pts != null && pts.size >= 4) {
-                    val x1 = pts[0]
-                    val y1 = pts[1]
-                    val x2 = pts[2]
-                    val y2 = pts[3]
-                    if (sr.style == Stroke.STYLE_ARROW || sr.style == Stroke.STYLE_DOUBLE_ARROW) {
-                        drawArrowHeads(this, x1, y1, x2, y2,
-                            if (sr.style == Stroke.STYLE_ARROW) LineStyle.ARROW else LineStyle.DOUBLE_ARROW,
-                            sr.paint.strokeWidth)
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+        // Draw completed strokes from backing bitmap (screen resolution)
+        ensureBacking()
+        backingBitmap?.let { canvas.drawBitmap(it, 0f, 0f, null) }
 
+        // Draw dynamic elements in canonical space (in-progress stroke, previews, selection)
+        canvas.withMatrix(viewMatrix) {
             // In-progress stroke
             currentPath?.let { path ->
                 currentPaint?.let { paint ->
@@ -319,6 +314,42 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
      * artifacts that cause uneven grid spacing when drawn in canonical space
      * and scaled by the view matrix.
      */
+    /**
+     * Ensure the backing bitmap is up-to-date. The bitmap is at view pixel
+     * resolution with the viewMatrix applied, so completed strokes are
+     * pixel-perfect. Only redrawn when strokes change or zoom/pan changes.
+     */
+    private fun ensureBacking() {
+        val w = width
+        val h = height
+        if (w <= 0 || h <= 0) return
+
+        if (backingBitmap == null || backingBitmap!!.width != w || backingBitmap!!.height != h) {
+            backingBitmap?.recycle()
+            backingBitmap = androidx.core.graphics.createBitmap(w, h)
+            backingCanvas = Canvas(backingBitmap!!)
+            bitmapDirty = true
+        }
+
+        if (bitmapDirty) {
+            backingBitmap!!.eraseColor(android.graphics.Color.TRANSPARENT)
+            val c = backingCanvas!!
+            c.setMatrix(viewMatrix)
+            for (sr in completedStrokes) {
+                c.drawPath(sr.path, sr.paint)
+                val pts = sr.points
+                if (pts != null && pts.size >= 4) {
+                    if (sr.style == Stroke.STYLE_ARROW || sr.style == Stroke.STYLE_DOUBLE_ARROW) {
+                        drawArrowHeads(c, pts[0], pts[1], pts[2], pts[3],
+                            if (sr.style == Stroke.STYLE_ARROW) LineStyle.ARROW else LineStyle.DOUBLE_ARROW,
+                            sr.paint.strokeWidth)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            bitmapDirty = false
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun drawGridScreenSpace(canvas: Canvas) {
         val pageW = canvasState.pageSize.widthPt.toFloat()
         val pageH = canvasState.pageSize.heightPt.toFloat()
@@ -600,6 +631,7 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
                 }
                 moveLastX = pt[0]
                 moveLastY = pt[1]
+                bitmapDirty = true
                 invalidate()
                 return true
             }
@@ -870,6 +902,7 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
                 sr.path.offset(dx, dy)
             }
         }
+        bitmapDirty = true
     }
 
     fun clearSelection() {
@@ -970,6 +1003,7 @@ class PadCanvasView(context: Context) : View(context) {
         viewMatrix.postTranslate(panX, panY)
 
         viewMatrix.invert(inverseMatrix)
+        bitmapDirty = true
     }
 
     private fun screenToCanonical(screenX: Float, screenY: Float): FloatArray {