/* * kyle's editor * * first version is a run-through of the kilo editor walkthrough. * https://viewsourcecode.org/snaptoken/kilo/ */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define KE_VERSION "0.0.1-pre" #define ESCSEQ "\x1b[" #define CTRL_KEY(key) ((key)&0x1f) #define TAB_STOP 8 #define MSG_TIMEO 3 /* * define the keyboard input modes * normal: no special mode * kcommand: ^k commands */ #define MODE_NORMAL 0 #define MODE_KCOMMAND 1 #define MODE_INSERT 2 void editor_set_status(const char *fmt, ...); void display_refresh(); char *editor_prompt(char *, void (*cb)(char *, int16_t)); enum KeyPress { TAB_KEY = 9, ESC_KEY = 27, BACKSPACE = 127, ARROW_LEFT = 1000, ARROW_RIGHT, ARROW_UP, ARROW_DOWN, DEL_KEY, HOME_KEY, END_KEY, PG_UP, PG_DN, }; void disable_termraw(); typedef struct erow { char *line; char *render; int size; int rsize; } erow; struct { struct termios entry_term; int rows, cols; int curx, cury; int rx; int mode; int nrows; int rowoffs, coloffs; erow *row; char *filename; int dirty; int dirtyex; char msg[80]; time_t msgtm; } editor; /* append buffer */ struct abuf { char *b; int len; }; #define ABUF_INIT {NULL, 0} void ab_append(struct abuf *buf, const char *s, int len) { char *nc = realloc(buf->b, buf->len + len); if (nc == NULL) { abort(); } memcpy(&nc[buf->len], s, len); buf->b = nc; buf->len += len; /* DANGER: overflow */ } void ab_free(struct abuf *buf) { free(buf->b); } void die(const char *s) { /* * NOTE(kyle): this is a duplication of the code in display.c * but I would like to be able to import these files from there. */ write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4); write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3); perror(s); exit(1); } /* * get_winsz uses the TIOCGWINSZ to get the window size. * * there's a fallback way to do this, too, that involves moving the * cursor down and to the left \x1b[999C\x1b[999B. I'm going to skip * on this for now because it's bloaty and this works on OpenBSD and * Linux, at least. */ int get_winsz(int *rows, int *cols) { struct winsize ws; if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1 || ws.ws_col == 0) { return -1; } *cols = ws.ws_col; *rows = ws.ws_row; return 0; } int row_render_to_cursor(erow *row, int cx) { int rx = 0; int j; for (j = 0; j < cx; j++) { if (row->line[j] == '\t') { rx += (TAB_STOP-1) - (rx%TAB_STOP); } rx++; } return rx; } int row_cursor_to_render(erow *row, int rx) { int cur_rx = 0; int curx = 0; for (curx = 0; curx < row->size; curx++) { if (row->line[curx] == '\t') { cur_rx += (TAB_STOP - 1) - (cur_rx % TAB_STOP); } cur_rx++; if (cur_rx > rx) { break; } } return curx; } void update_row(erow *row) { int i = 0, j; int tabs = 0; /* * TODO(kyle): I'm not thrilled with this double-render. */ for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++) { if (row->line[j] == '\t') { tabs++; } } free(row->render); row->render = malloc(row->size + (tabs * (TAB_STOP-1)) + 1); for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++) { if (row->line[j] == '\t') { do { row->render[i++] = ' '; } while ((i % TAB_STOP) != 0); } else { row->render[i++] = row->line[j]; } } row->render[i] = '\0'; row->rsize = i; } void insert_row(int at, char *s, size_t len) { if (at < 0 || at > editor.nrows) { return; } editor.row = realloc(editor.row, sizeof(erow) * (editor.nrows + 1)); assert(editor.row != NULL); if (at < editor.nrows) { memmove(&editor.row[at+1], &editor.row[at], sizeof(erow) * (editor.rows - at + 1)); } editor.row[at].size = len; editor.row[at].line = malloc(len+1); memcpy(editor.row[at].line, s, len); editor.row[at].line[len] = '\0'; editor.row[at].rsize = 0; editor.row[at].render = NULL; update_row(&editor.row[at]); editor.nrows++; } void free_row(erow *row) { free(row->render); free(row->line); row->render = NULL; row->line = NULL; } void delete_row(int at) { if (at < 0 || at >= editor.nrows) { return; } free_row(&editor.row[at]); memmove(&editor.row[at], &editor.row[at+1], sizeof(erow) * (editor.nrows - at - 1)); editor.nrows--; editor.dirty++; } void row_append_row(erow *row, char *s, int len) { row->line = realloc(row->line, row->size + len + 1); assert(row->line != NULL); memcpy(&row->line[row->size], s, len); row->size += len; row->line[row->size] = '\0'; update_row(row); editor.dirty++; } void row_insert_ch(erow *row, int at, int16_t c) { /* * row_insert_ch just concerns itself with how to update a row. */ if ((at < 0) || (at > row->size)) { at = row->size; } row->line = realloc(row->line, row->size+2); assert(row->line != NULL); memmove(&row->line[at+1], &row->line[at], row->size - at + 1); row->size++; row->line[at] = c; update_row(row); } void row_delete_ch(erow *row, int at) { if (at < 0 || at >= row->size) { return; } memmove(&row->line[at], &row->line[at+1], row->size+1); row->size--; update_row(row); editor.dirty++; } void insertch(int16_t c) { /* * insert_ch doesn't need to worry about how to update a * a row; it can just figure out where the cursor is * at and what to do. */ if (editor.cury == editor.nrows) { insert_row(editor.nrows, "", 0); } row_insert_ch(&editor.row[editor.cury], editor.curx, c); editor.curx++; editor.dirty++; } void deletech() { erow *row = NULL; if (editor.cury == editor.nrows) { return; } if (editor.cury == 0 && editor.curx == 0) { return; } row = &editor.row[editor.cury]; if (editor.curx > 0) { row_delete_ch(row, editor.curx - 1); editor.curx--; } else { editor.curx = editor.row[editor.cury - 1].size; row_append_row(&editor.row[editor.cury - 1], row->line, row->size); delete_row(editor.cury); editor.cury--; } } void open_file(const char *filename) { char *line = NULL; size_t linecap = 0; ssize_t linelen; FILE *fp = NULL; free(editor.filename); editor.filename = strdup(filename); editor.dirty = 0; if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { if (errno == ENOENT) { return; } die("fopen"); } while ((linelen = getline(&line, &linecap, fp)) != -1) { if (linelen != -1) { while ((linelen > 0) && ((line[linelen-1] == '\r') || (line[linelen-1] == '\n'))) { linelen--; } insert_row(editor.nrows, line, linelen); } } free(line); fclose(fp); } /* * convert our rows to a buffer; caller must free it. */ char * rows_to_buffer(int *buflen) { int len = 0; int j; char *buf = NULL; char *p = NULL; for (j = 0; j < editor.nrows; j++) { /* extra byte for newline */ len += editor.row[j].size+1; } *buflen = len; if (len) { buf = malloc(len); if (buf == NULL) { abort(); } } p = buf; for (j = 0; j < editor.nrows; j++) { memcpy(p, editor.row[j].line, editor.row[j].size); p += editor.row[j].size; *p++ = '\n'; } return buf; } int save_file() { int fd = -1; int len; int status = 1; /* will be used as exit code */ char *buf; if (editor.filename == NULL) { editor.filename = editor_prompt("Filename: %s", NULL); if (editor.filename == NULL) { editor_set_status("Save aborted."); return 0; } } buf = rows_to_buffer(&len); if ((fd = open(editor.filename, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644)) == -1) { goto save_exit; } if (-1 == ftruncate(fd, len)) { goto save_exit; } if (len == 0) { status = 0; goto save_exit; } if ((ssize_t)len != write(fd, buf, len)) { goto save_exit; } status = 0; save_exit: if (fd) close(fd); if (buf) free(buf); if (status != 0) { buf = strerror(errno); editor_set_status("Error writing %s: %s", editor.filename, buf); } else { editor_set_status("Wrote %d bytes to %s.", len, editor.filename); editor.dirty = 0; } return status; } uint16_t is_arrow_key(int16_t c) { switch (c) { case ARROW_DOWN: case ARROW_LEFT: case ARROW_RIGHT: case ARROW_UP: case CTRL_KEY('p'): case CTRL_KEY('n'): case CTRL_KEY('f'): case CTRL_KEY('b'): case CTRL_KEY('a'): case CTRL_KEY('e'): case END_KEY: case HOME_KEY: case PG_DN: case PG_UP: return 1; }; return 0; } int16_t get_keypress() { char seq[3]; char c = -1; if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1) == -1) { die("get_keypress:read"); } if (c == 0x1b) { if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[0], 1) != 1) return c; if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[1], 1) != 1) return c; if (seq[0] == '[') { if (seq[1] < 'A') { if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[2], 1) != 1) return c; if (seq[2] == '~') { switch (seq[1]) { case '1': return HOME_KEY; case '2': return /* INS_KEY */ c; case '3': return DEL_KEY; case '4': return END_KEY; case '5': return PG_UP; case '6': return PG_DN; case '7': return HOME_KEY; case '8': return END_KEY; } } } else { switch (seq[1]) { case 'A': return ARROW_UP; case 'B': return ARROW_DOWN; case 'C': return ARROW_RIGHT; case 'D': return ARROW_LEFT; case 'F': return END_KEY; case 'H': return HOME_KEY; default: /* nada */ ; } } } else if (seq[0] == 'O') { switch (seq[1]) { case 'F': return END_KEY; case 'H': return HOME_KEY; } } return 0x1b; } return c; } char * editor_prompt(char *prompt, void (*cb)(char *, int16_t)) { size_t bufsz = 128; char *buf = malloc(bufsz); size_t buflen = 0; int16_t c; buf[0] = '\0'; while (1) { editor_set_status(prompt, buf); display_refresh(); while ((c = get_keypress()) <= 0) ; if (c == DEL_KEY || c == CTRL_KEY('h') || c == BACKSPACE) { if (buflen != 0) { buf[--buflen] = '\0'; } } else if (c == ESC_KEY) { editor_set_status(""); if (cb) { cb(buf, c); } free(buf); return NULL; } else if (c == '\r') { if (buflen != 0) { editor_set_status(""); if (cb) { cb(buf, c); } return buf; } } else if (!iscntrl(c) && c < 128) { if (buflen == bufsz - 1) { bufsz *= 2; buf = realloc(buf, bufsz); assert(buf != NULL); } buf[buflen++] = c; buf[buflen] = '\0'; } if (cb) { cb(buf, c); } } } void editor_find_callback(char *query, int16_t c) { static int lmatch = -1; static int dir = 1; int i, current; char *match; erow *row; if (c == '\r' || c == ESC_KEY) { /* reset search */ lmatch = -1; dir = 1; return; } else if (c == ARROW_RIGHT || c == ARROW_DOWN) { dir = 1; } else if (c == ARROW_LEFT || c == ARROW_UP) { dir = -1; } else { lmatch = -1; dir = 1; } if (lmatch == -1) { dir = 1; } current = lmatch; for (i = 0; i < editor.nrows; i++) { current += dir; if (current == -1) { current = editor.nrows - 1; } else if (current == editor.nrows) { current = 0; } row = &editor.row[current]; match = strstr(row->render, query); if (match) { lmatch = current; editor.cury = current; editor.curx = row_render_to_cursor(row, match - row->render); /* * after this, scroll will put the match line at * the top of the screen. */ editor.rowoffs = editor.nrows; break; } } display_refresh(); } void editor_find() { char *query; int scx = editor.curx; int scy = editor.cury; int sco = editor.coloffs; int sro = editor.rowoffs; query = editor_prompt("Search (ESC to cancel): %s", editor_find_callback); if (query) { free(query); } else { editor.curx = scx; editor.cury = scy; editor.coloffs = sco; editor.rowoffs = sro; } display_refresh(); } void move_cursor(int16_t c) { erow *row = (editor.cury >= editor.nrows) ? NULL : &editor.row[editor.cury]; int reps; switch (c) { case ARROW_UP: case CTRL_KEY('p'): if (editor.cury > 0) { editor.cury--; } break; case ARROW_DOWN: case CTRL_KEY('n'): if (editor.cury < editor.nrows) { editor.cury++; } break; case ARROW_RIGHT: case CTRL_KEY('f'): if (row && editor.curx < row->size) { editor.curx++; } else if (row && editor.curx == row->size) { editor.cury++; editor.curx = 0; } break; case ARROW_LEFT: case CTRL_KEY('b'): if (editor.curx > 0) { editor.curx--; } else if (editor.cury > 0) { editor.cury--; editor.curx = editor.row[editor.cury].size; } break; case PG_UP: case PG_DN: { if (c == PG_UP) { editor.cury = editor.rowoffs; } else if (c == PG_DN) { editor.cury = editor.rowoffs + editor.rows-1; if (editor.cury > editor.nrows) { editor.cury = editor.nrows; } } reps = editor.rows; while (--reps) { move_cursor(c == PG_UP ? ARROW_UP : ARROW_DOWN); } } case HOME_KEY: case CTRL_KEY('a'): editor.curx = 0; break; case END_KEY: case CTRL_KEY('e'): editor.curx = editor.row[editor.cury].size; break; default: break; } row = (editor.cury >= editor.nrows) ? NULL : &editor.row[editor.cury]; reps = row ? row->size : 0; if (editor.curx > reps) { editor.curx = reps; } } void newline() { erow *row = NULL; if (editor.curx == 0) { insert_row(editor.cury, "", 0); } else { row = &editor.row[editor.cury]; insert_row(editor.cury + 1, &row->line[editor.curx], row->size - editor.curx); row = &editor.row[editor.cury]; row->size = editor.curx; row->line[row->size] = '\0'; update_row(row); } editor.cury++; editor.curx = 0; } void process_kcommand(int16_t c) { switch (c) { case 'q': case CTRL_KEY('q'): if (editor.dirty && editor.dirtyex) { editor_set_status("File not saved - C-k q again to quit."); editor.dirtyex = 0; return; } exit(0); case CTRL_KEY('s'): case 's': save_file(); break; case CTRL_KEY('w'): case 'w': exit(save_file()); case 'd': case CTRL_KEY('\\'): /* sometimes it's nice to dump core */ disable_termraw(); abort(); case 'f': editor_find(); break; } editor.dirtyex = 1; return; } void process_normal(int16_t c) { if (is_arrow_key(c)) { move_cursor(c); return; } switch (c) { case '\r': newline(); break; case CTRL_KEY('k'): editor.mode = MODE_KCOMMAND; return; case BACKSPACE: case CTRL_KEY('h'): case DEL_KEY: if (c == DEL_KEY) { move_cursor(ARROW_RIGHT); } deletech(); break; case CTRL_KEY('l'): /* ignore refresh for now */ break; case ESC_KEY: /* TODO(kyle) */ break; default: if (isprint(c) || c == TAB_KEY) { insertch(c); } break; } editor.dirtyex = 1; } int process_keypress() { int16_t c = get_keypress(); /* we didn't actually read a key */ if (c <= 0) { return 0; } switch (editor.mode) { case MODE_KCOMMAND: process_kcommand(c); editor.mode = MODE_NORMAL; break; case MODE_NORMAL: process_normal(c); break; } return 1; } /* * A text editor needs the terminal to be in raw mode; but the default * is to be in canonical (cooked) mode, which is a buffered input mode. */ static void enable_termraw() { struct termios raw; /* Read the current terminal parameters for standard input. */ if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &raw) == -1) { die("tcgetattr while enabling raw mode"); } /* * Put the terminal into raw mode. */ cfmakeraw(&raw); /* * Set timeout for read(2). * * VMIN: what is the minimum number of bytes required for read * to return? * * VTIME: max time before read(2) returns in hundreds of milli- * seconds. */ raw.c_cc[VMIN] = 0; raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 1; /* * Now write the terminal parameters to the current terminal, * after flushing any waiting input out. */ if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &raw) == -1) { die("tcsetattr while enabling raw mode"); } } void display_clear(struct abuf *ab) { if (ab == NULL) { write(STDOUT_FILENO, ESCSEQ "2J", 4); write(STDOUT_FILENO, ESCSEQ "H", 3); } else { ab_append(ab, ESCSEQ "2J", 4); ab_append(ab, ESCSEQ "H", 3); } } void disable_termraw() { display_clear(NULL); if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &editor.entry_term) == -1) { die("couldn't disable terminal raw mode"); } } void setup_terminal() { if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &editor.entry_term) == -1) { die("can't snapshot terminal settings"); } atexit(disable_termraw); enable_termraw(); } void draw_rows(struct abuf *ab) { assert(editor.cols >= 0); char buf[editor.cols]; int buflen, filerow, padding; int y; for (y = 0; y < editor.rows; y++) { filerow = y + editor.rowoffs; if (filerow >= editor.nrows) { if ((editor.nrows == 0) && (y == editor.rows / 3)) { buflen = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "ke k%s", KE_VERSION); padding = (editor.rows - buflen) / 2; if (padding) { ab_append(ab, "|", 1); padding--; } while (padding--) ab_append(ab, " ", 1); ab_append(ab, buf, buflen); } else { ab_append(ab, "|", 1); } } else { buflen = editor.row[filerow].rsize - editor.coloffs; if (buflen < 0) { buflen = 0; } if (buflen > editor.cols) { buflen = editor.cols; } ab_append(ab, editor.row[filerow].render+editor.coloffs, buflen); } ab_append(ab, ESCSEQ "K", 3); ab_append(ab, "\r\n", 2); } } void draw_status_bar(struct abuf *ab) { char status[editor.cols]; char rstatus[editor.cols]; int len, rlen; len = snprintf(status, sizeof(status), "%c%cke: %.20s - %d lines", editor.dirty ? '!' : '-', editor.dirty ? '!' : '-', editor.filename ? editor.filename : "[no file]", editor.nrows); rlen = snprintf(rstatus, sizeof(rstatus), "L%d/%d C%d", editor.cury+1, editor.nrows, editor.curx+1); ab_append(ab, ESCSEQ "7m", 4); ab_append(ab, status, len); while (len < editor.cols) { if ((editor.cols - len) == rlen) { ab_append(ab, rstatus, rlen); break; } ab_append(ab, " ", 1); len++; } ab_append(ab, ESCSEQ "m", 3); ab_append(ab, "\r\n", 2); } void draw_message_line(struct abuf *ab) { int len = strlen(editor.msg); ab_append(ab, ESCSEQ "K", 3); if (len > editor.cols) { len = editor.cols; } if (len && ((time(NULL) - editor.msgtm) < MSG_TIMEO)) { ab_append(ab, editor.msg, len); } } void scroll() { editor.rx = 0; if (editor.cury < editor.nrows) { editor.rx = row_render_to_cursor( &editor.row[editor.cury], editor.curx); } if (editor.cury < editor.rowoffs) { editor.rowoffs = editor.cury; } if (editor.cury >= editor.rowoffs + editor.rows) { editor.rowoffs = editor.cury - editor.rows + 1; } if (editor.rx < editor.coloffs) { editor.coloffs = editor.rx; } if (editor.rx >= editor.coloffs + editor.cols) { editor.coloffs = editor.rx - editor.cols + 1; } } void display_refresh() { char buf[32]; struct abuf ab = ABUF_INIT; scroll(); ab_append(&ab, ESCSEQ "?25l", 6); display_clear(&ab); draw_rows(&ab); draw_status_bar(&ab); draw_message_line(&ab); snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), ESCSEQ "%d;%dH", (editor.cury-editor.rowoffs)+1, (editor.rx-editor.coloffs)+1); ab_append(&ab, buf, strnlen(buf, 32)); /* ab_append(&ab, ESCSEQ "1;2H", 7); */ ab_append(&ab, ESCSEQ "?25h", 6); write(STDOUT_FILENO, ab.b, ab.len); ab_free(&ab); } void editor_set_status(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); vsnprintf(editor.msg, sizeof(editor.msg), fmt, ap); va_end(ap); editor.msgtm = time(NULL); } void loop() { int up = 1; while (1) { if (up) display_refresh(); up = process_keypress(); } } /* * init_editor should set up the global editor struct. */ void init_editor() { if (get_winsz(&editor.rows, &editor.cols) == -1) { die("can't get window size"); } editor.rows--; /* status bar */ editor.rows--; /* message line */ editor.curx = editor.cury = 0; editor.rx = 0; editor.nrows = 0; editor.rowoffs = editor.coloffs = 0; editor.row = NULL; editor.msg[0] = '\0'; editor.msgtm = 0; editor.dirty = 0; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { setup_terminal(); init_editor(); if (argc > 1) { open_file(argv[1]); } editor_set_status("C-k q to exit / C-k d to dump core"); display_clear(NULL); loop(); return 0; }