brokerd: recover a torn line in place, real dates only, bounded ttl, EMFILE

From the independent review of task 23. A torn last line followed by an empty
later file had its recovery written into the later file, which broke the
chain for good; the line is now ended in its own file. The log-name rule
takes months 01 to 12 and days 01 to 31 only. [approvals] ttl_ms is limited
to a day, the longest loopd waits after a pending frame. Running out of file
descriptors or memory pauses the listener instead of stopping brokerd (the
errors the previous fix skipped do not occur on Linux). args.rs's doc fixed.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

crates/brokerd/src/args.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fmt;
+
 /// Maximum length, in bytes, of a path.
-/// Maximum length, in bytes, of a path or of a URL.
 pub const MAX_PATH: usize = 4096;
 /// Maximum length, in bytes, of a URL.
 pub const MAX_URL: usize = 2048;