Add Phase 1 foundation: Go module, core types, DB infrastructure, config

Establish the project foundation with three packages:
- core: shared types (Header, Metadata, Value, ObjectType, UUID generation)
- db: SQLite migration framework, connection management (WAL, FK, busy
  timeout), transaction helpers (StartTX/EndTX), time conversion
- config: runtime configuration (DB path, blob store, Minio, gRPC addr)

Includes initial schema migration (001_initial.sql) with 13 tables covering
shared infrastructure, bibliographic data, and artifact repository. Full test
coverage for all packages, strict linting (.golangci.yaml), and Makefile.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.golangci.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# golangci-lint v2 configuration.
+# Principle: fail loudly. Correctness issues are errors, not warnings.
+
+version: "2"
+
+run:
+  timeout: 5m
+  tests: true
+
+linters:
+  default: none
+  enable:
+    # --- Correctness ---
+    - errcheck
+    - govet
+    - ineffassign
+    - unused
+
+    # --- Error handling ---
+    - errorlint
+
+    # --- Security ---
+    - gosec
+    - staticcheck
+
+    # --- Style / conventions ---
+    - revive
+
+  settings:
+    errcheck:
+      check-blank: false
+      check-type-assertions: true
+
+    govet:
+      enable-all: true
+      disable:
+        - shadow
+        - fieldalignment
+
+    gosec:
+      severity: medium
+      confidence: medium
+      excludes:
+        - G104
+
+    errorlint:
+      errorf: true
+      asserts: true
+      comparison: true
+
+    revive:
+      rules:
+        - name: error-return
+          severity: error
+        - name: unexported-return
+          severity: error
+        - name: error-strings
+          severity: warning
+        - name: if-return
+          severity: warning
+        - name: increment-decrement
+          severity: warning
+        - name: var-naming
+          severity: warning
+        - name: range
+          severity: warning
+        - name: time-naming
+          severity: warning
+        - name: indent-error-flow
+          severity: warning
+        - name: early-return
+          severity: warning
+
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+
+issues:
+  max-issues-per-linter: 0
+  max-same-issues: 0
+
+  exclusions:
+    paths:
+      - vendor
+      - ark
+    rules:
+      - path: "_test\\.go"
+        linters:
+          - gosec
+        text: "G101"