Add first QC experiments.

Bell states in the Microsoft Quantum SDK and Rigetti's pyQuil.

qc/msqdk/Bell/Bell.csproj

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+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>
+    <PlatformTarget>x64</PlatformTarget>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Quantum.Canon" Version="0.2.1802.1603-preview" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Quantum.Development.Kit" Version="0.2.1802.1603-preview" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

qc/msqdk/Bell/Bell.qs

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+namespace Quantum.Bell
+{
+    open Microsoft.Quantum.Canon;
+    open Microsoft.Quantum.Primitive;
+
+    operation Set (desired: Result, q1: Qubit) : ()
+    {
+        body
+        {
+            let current = M(q1);
+
+            if (desired != current) {
+                X(q1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    operation BellTest (count: Int, initial: Result) : (Int, Int, Int)
+    {
+        body {
+            mutable numOnes = 0; // by default in Q#, variables are immutable.
+                                 // Q# doesn't require type annotations for variables.
+            mutable agree = 0;
+            
+            // using allocates an array of qubits for use in a block of code.
+            // all qubits are dynamically allocated and released.
+            using (qubits = Qubit[2])
+            {
+                for (test in 1..count) {
+                    Set(initial, qubits[0]);
+                    Set(Zero, qubits[1]);
+
+                    H(qubits[0]);
+                    CNOT(qubits[0], qubits[1]);
+                    let res = M(qubits[0]);
+
+                    if (res == M(qubits[1])) {
+                        set agree = agree + 1;
+                    }
+
+                    // Count the number of ones we've seen.
+                    if (res == One) {
+                        set numOnes = numOnes + 1;
+                    }
+                    Set(Zero, qubits[0]);
+                    Set(Zero, qubits[1]);
+                }
+            }
+            return (count-numOnes, numOnes, agree);
+        }
+    }
+}

qc/msqdk/Bell/Driver.cs

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+using Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Core;
+using Microsoft.Quantum.Simulation.Simulators;
+
+namespace Quantum.Bell
+{
+    class Driver
+    {
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            using (var sim = new QuantumSimulator()) {
+                // Try initial values.
+                Result[] initials = new Result[] { Result.Zero, Result.One };
+                foreach (Result initial in initials) {
+                    var res = BellTest.Run(sim, 1000, initial).Result;
+                    var (numZeroes, numOnes, agree) = res;
+                    System.Console.WriteLine($"Init:{initial,-4} |0>={numZeroes,-4}, |1>={numOnes,-4}, agree={agree,-4}");
+                }
+            }
+            System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue.");
+            System.Console.ReadKey();
+        }
+    }
+}