Add ScrollUp and ScrollDown commands for viewport scrolling, refine mouse wheel handling in GUI and terminal, and bump version to 1.2.2.

- Moved all language highlighter implementations (`CppHighlighter`, `GoHighlighter`, `JsonHighlighter`, etc.), the engine, and registry to `syntax/`.

Buffer.cc

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include "UndoSystem.h"
 #include "UndoTree.h"
 // For reconstructing highlighter state on copies
-#include "HighlighterRegistry.h"
-#include "NullHighlighter.h"
+#include "syntax/HighlighterRegistry.h"
+#include "syntax/NullHighlighter.h"
 
 
 Buffer::Buffer()

Buffer.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "UndoSystem.h"
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
-#include "HighlighterEngine.h"
+#include "syntax/HighlighterEngine.h"
 #include "Highlight.h"
 
 
@@ -375,22 +375,55 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] std::string AsString() const;
 
 	// Syntax highlighting integration (per-buffer)
-	[[nodiscard]] std::uint64_t Version() const { return version_; }
+	[[nodiscard]] std::uint64_t Version() const
+	{
+		return version_;
+	}
 
-	void SetSyntaxEnabled(bool on) { syntax_enabled_ = on; }
-	[[nodiscard]] bool SyntaxEnabled() const { return syntax_enabled_; }
 
-	void SetFiletype(const std::string &ft) { filetype_ = ft; }
-	[[nodiscard]] const std::string &Filetype() const { return filetype_; }
+	void SetSyntaxEnabled(bool on)
+	{
+		syntax_enabled_ = on;
+	}
+
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool SyntaxEnabled() const
+	{
+		return syntax_enabled_;
+	}
+
+
+	void SetFiletype(const std::string &ft)
+	{
+		filetype_ = ft;
+	}
+
+
+	[[nodiscard]] const std::string &Filetype() const
+	{
+		return filetype_;
+	}
+
+
+	kte::HighlighterEngine *Highlighter()
+	{
+		return highlighter_.get();
+	}
+
+
+	const kte::HighlighterEngine *Highlighter() const
+	{
+		return highlighter_.get();
+	}
 
-	kte::HighlighterEngine *Highlighter() { return highlighter_.get(); }
-	const kte::HighlighterEngine *Highlighter() const { return highlighter_.get(); }
 
 	void EnsureHighlighter()
 	{
-		if (!highlighter_) highlighter_ = std::make_unique<kte::HighlighterEngine>();
+		if (!highlighter_)
+			highlighter_ = std::make_unique<kte::HighlighterEngine>();
 	}
 
+
 	// Raw, low-level editing APIs used by UndoSystem apply().
 	// These must NOT trigger undo recording. They also do not move the cursor.
 	void insert_text(int row, int col, std::string_view text);
@@ -430,7 +463,7 @@ private:
 
 	// Syntax/highlighting state
 	std::uint64_t version_ = 0; // increment on edits
- bool syntax_enabled_    = true;
+	bool syntax_enabled_   = true;
 	std::string filetype_;
 	std::unique_ptr<kte::HighlighterEngine> highlighter_;
 };

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ project(kte)
 include(GNUInstallDirs)
 
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
-set(KTE_VERSION "1.2.0")
+set(KTE_VERSION "1.2.2")
 
 # Default to terminal-only build to avoid SDL/OpenGL dependency by default.
 # Enable with -DBUILD_GUI=ON when SDL2/OpenGL/Freetype are available.
@@ -54,6 +54,29 @@ set(CURSES_NEED_WIDE)
 find_package(Curses REQUIRED)
 include_directories(${CURSES_INCLUDE_DIR})
 
+set(SYNTAX_SOURCES
+        syntax/GoHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/CppHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/JsonHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/ErlangHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/MarkdownHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/TreeSitterHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/LispHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/HighlighterEngine.cc
+        syntax/RustHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/HighlighterRegistry.cc
+        syntax/SqlHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/NullHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/ForthHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/PythonHighlighter.cc
+        syntax/ShellHighlighter.cc
+)
+
+if (KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER)
+    list(APPEND SYNTAX_SOURCES
+            TreeSitterHighlighter.cc)
+endif ()
+
 set(COMMON_SOURCES
         GapBuffer.cc
         PieceTable.cc
@@ -71,24 +94,43 @@ set(COMMON_SOURCES
         UndoNode.cc
         UndoTree.cc
         UndoSystem.cc
-        HighlighterEngine.cc
-        CppHighlighter.cc
-        HighlighterRegistry.cc
-        NullHighlighter.cc
-        JsonHighlighter.cc
-        MarkdownHighlighter.cc
-        ShellHighlighter.cc
-        GoHighlighter.cc
-        PythonHighlighter.cc
-        RustHighlighter.cc
-        LispHighlighter.cc
+
+        ${SYNTAX_SOURCES}
+)
+
+
+set(SYNTAX_HEADERS
+        syntax/GoHighlighter.h
+        syntax/HighlighterEngine.h
+        syntax/ShellHighlighter.h
+        syntax/MarkdownHighlighter.h
+        syntax/LispHighlighter.h
+        syntax/SqlHighlighter.h
+        syntax/ForthHighlighter.h
+        syntax/JsonHighlighter.h
+        syntax/TreeSitterHighlighter.h
+        syntax/NullHighlighter.h
+        syntax/CppHighlighter.h
+        syntax/ErlangHighlighter.h
+        syntax/LanguageHighlighter.h
+        syntax/RustHighlighter.h
+        syntax/PythonHighlighter.h
 )
 
 if (KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER)
-    list(APPEND COMMON_SOURCES
-            TreeSitterHighlighter.cc)
+    list(APPEND THEME_HEADERS
+            TreeSitterHighlighter.h)
 endif ()
 
+set(THEME_HEADERS
+        themes/ThemeHelpers.h
+        themes/EInk.h
+        themes/Gruvbox.h
+        themes/Solarized.h
+        themes/Plan9.h
+        themes/Nord.h
+)
+
 set(COMMON_HEADERS
         GapBuffer.h
         PieceTable.h
@@ -111,24 +153,10 @@ set(COMMON_HEADERS
         UndoTree.h
         UndoSystem.h
         Highlight.h
-        LanguageHighlighter.h
-        HighlighterEngine.h
-        CppHighlighter.h
-        HighlighterRegistry.h
-        NullHighlighter.h
-        JsonHighlighter.h
-        MarkdownHighlighter.h
-        ShellHighlighter.h
-        GoHighlighter.h
-        PythonHighlighter.h
-        RustHighlighter.h
-        LispHighlighter.h
-)
 
-if (KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER)
-    list(APPEND COMMON_HEADERS
-            TreeSitterHighlighter.h)
-endif ()
+        ${SYNTAX_HEADERS}
+        ${THEME_HEADERS}
+)
 
 # kte (terminal-first) executable
 add_executable(kte

Command.cc

@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
 #include <cctype>
 
 #include "Command.h"
-#include "HighlighterRegistry.h"
-#include "NullHighlighter.h"
+#include "syntax/HighlighterRegistry.h"
+#include "syntax/NullHighlighter.h"
 #include "Editor.h"
 #include "Buffer.h"
 #include "UndoSystem.h"
 #include "HelpText.h"
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-#include "HighlighterEngine.h"
-#include "CppHighlighter.h"
+#include "syntax/LanguageHighlighter.h"
+#include "syntax/HighlighterEngine.h"
+#include "syntax/CppHighlighter.h"
 #ifdef KTE_BUILD_GUI
 #include "GUITheme.h"
 #endif
@@ -42,12 +42,11 @@ compute_render_x(const std::string &line, const std::size_t curx, const std::siz
 static void
 ensure_cursor_visible(const Editor &ed, Buffer &buf)
 {
-	const std::size_t rows = ed.Rows();
 	const std::size_t cols = ed.Cols();
-	if (rows == 0 || cols == 0)
+	if (cols == 0)
 		return;
 
-	const std::size_t content_rows = rows > 0 ? rows - 1 : 0; // last row = status
+	const std::size_t content_rows = ed.ContentRows();
 	const std::size_t cury         = buf.Cury();
 	const std::size_t curx         = buf.Curx();
 	std::size_t rowoffs            = buf.Rowoffs();
@@ -762,122 +761,140 @@ cmd_unknown_kcommand(CommandContext &ctx)
 	return true;
 }
 
+
 // --- Syntax highlighting commands ---
-static void apply_filetype(Buffer &buf, const std::string &ft)
+static void
+apply_filetype(Buffer &buf, const std::string &ft)
 {
-    buf.EnsureHighlighter();
-    auto *eng = buf.Highlighter();
-    if (!eng) return;
-    std::string val = ft;
-    // trim + lower
-    auto trim = [](const std::string &s){
-        std::string r = s;
-        auto notsp = [](int ch){ return !std::isspace(ch); };
-        r.erase(r.begin(), std::find_if(r.begin(), r.end(), notsp));
-        r.erase(std::find_if(r.rbegin(), r.rend(), notsp).base(), r.end());
-        return r;
-    };
-    val = trim(val);
-    for (auto &ch: val) ch = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
-    if (val == "off") {
-        eng->SetHighlighter(nullptr);
-        buf.SetFiletype("");
-        buf.SetSyntaxEnabled(false);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (val.empty()) {
-        // Empty means unknown/unspecified -> use NullHighlighter but keep syntax enabled
-        buf.SetFiletype("");
-        buf.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-        eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
-        eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-        return;
-    }
-    // Normalize and create via registry
-    std::string norm = kte::HighlighterRegistry::Normalize(val);
-    auto hl = kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(norm);
-    if (hl) {
-        eng->SetHighlighter(std::move(hl));
-        buf.SetFiletype(norm);
-        buf.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-        eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-    } else {
-        // Unknown -> install NullHighlighter and keep syntax enabled
-        eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
-        buf.SetFiletype(val); // record what user asked even if unsupported
-        buf.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-        eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-    }
+	buf.EnsureHighlighter();
+	auto *eng = buf.Highlighter();
+	if (!eng)
+		return;
+	std::string val = ft;
+	// trim + lower
+	auto trim = [](const std::string &s) {
+		std::string r = s;
+		auto notsp    = [](int ch) {
+			return !std::isspace(ch);
+		};
+		r.erase(r.begin(), std::find_if(r.begin(), r.end(), notsp));
+		r.erase(std::find_if(r.rbegin(), r.rend(), notsp).base(), r.end());
+		return r;
+	};
+	val = trim(val);
+	for (auto &ch: val)
+		ch = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+	if (val == "off") {
+		eng->SetHighlighter(nullptr);
+		buf.SetFiletype("");
+		buf.SetSyntaxEnabled(false);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (val.empty()) {
+		// Empty means unknown/unspecified -> use NullHighlighter but keep syntax enabled
+		buf.SetFiletype("");
+		buf.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+		eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
+		eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+		return;
+	}
+	// Normalize and create via registry
+	std::string norm = kte::HighlighterRegistry::Normalize(val);
+	auto hl          = kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(norm);
+	if (hl) {
+		eng->SetHighlighter(std::move(hl));
+		buf.SetFiletype(norm);
+		buf.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+		eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+	} else {
+		// Unknown -> install NullHighlighter and keep syntax enabled
+		eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
+		buf.SetFiletype(val); // record what user asked even if unsupported
+		buf.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+		eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+	}
 }
 
-static bool cmd_syntax(CommandContext &ctx)
+
+static bool
+cmd_syntax(CommandContext &ctx)
 {
-    Buffer *b = ctx.editor.CurrentBuffer();
-    if (!b) {
-        ctx.editor.SetStatus("No buffer");
-        return true;
-    }
-    std::string arg = ctx.arg;
-    // trim
-    auto trim = [](std::string &s){
-        auto notsp = [](int ch){ return !std::isspace(ch); };
-        s.erase(s.begin(), std::find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), notsp));
-        s.erase(std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), notsp).base(), s.end());
-    };
-    trim(arg);
-    if (arg == "on") {
-        b->SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-        // If no highlighter but filetype is cpp by extension, set it
-        if (!b->Highlighter() || !b->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
-            apply_filetype(*b, b->Filetype().empty() ? std::string("cpp") : b->Filetype());
-        }
-        ctx.editor.SetStatus("syntax: on");
-    } else if (arg == "off") {
-        b->SetSyntaxEnabled(false);
-        ctx.editor.SetStatus("syntax: off");
-    } else if (arg == "reload") {
-        if (auto *eng = b->Highlighter()) eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-        ctx.editor.SetStatus("syntax: reloaded");
-    } else {
-        ctx.editor.SetStatus("usage: :syntax on|off|reload");
-    }
-    return true;
+	Buffer *b = ctx.editor.CurrentBuffer();
+	if (!b) {
+		ctx.editor.SetStatus("No buffer");
+		return true;
+	}
+	std::string arg = ctx.arg;
+	// trim
+	auto trim = [](std::string &s) {
+		auto notsp = [](int ch) {
+			return !std::isspace(ch);
+		};
+		s.erase(s.begin(), std::find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), notsp));
+		s.erase(std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), notsp).base(), s.end());
+	};
+	trim(arg);
+	if (arg == "on") {
+		b->SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+		// If no highlighter but filetype is cpp by extension, set it
+		if (!b->Highlighter() || !b->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
+			apply_filetype(*b, b->Filetype().empty() ? std::string("cpp") : b->Filetype());
+		}
+		ctx.editor.SetStatus("syntax: on");
+	} else if (arg == "off") {
+		b->SetSyntaxEnabled(false);
+		ctx.editor.SetStatus("syntax: off");
+	} else if (arg == "reload") {
+		if (auto *eng = b->Highlighter())
+			eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+		ctx.editor.SetStatus("syntax: reloaded");
+	} else {
+		ctx.editor.SetStatus("usage: :syntax on|off|reload");
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-static bool cmd_set_option(CommandContext &ctx)
+
+static bool
+cmd_set_option(CommandContext &ctx)
 {
-    Buffer *b = ctx.editor.CurrentBuffer();
-    if (!b) {
-        ctx.editor.SetStatus("No buffer");
-        return true;
-    }
-    // Expect key=value
-    auto eq = ctx.arg.find('=');
-    if (eq == std::string::npos) {
-        ctx.editor.SetStatus("usage: :set key=value");
-        return true;
-    }
-    std::string key = ctx.arg.substr(0, eq);
-    std::string val = ctx.arg.substr(eq + 1);
-    // trim
-    auto trim = [](std::string &s){
-        auto notsp = [](int ch){ return !std::isspace(ch); };
-        s.erase(s.begin(), std::find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), notsp));
-        s.erase(std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), notsp).base(), s.end());
-    };
-    trim(key); trim(val);
-    // lower-case value for filetype
-    for (auto &ch: val) ch = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
-    if (key == "filetype") {
-        apply_filetype(*b, val);
-        if (b->SyntaxEnabled())
-            ctx.editor.SetStatus(std::string("filetype: ") + (b->Filetype().empty()?"off":b->Filetype()));
-        else
-            ctx.editor.SetStatus("filetype: off");
-        return true;
-    }
-    ctx.editor.SetStatus("unknown option: " + key);
-    return true;
+	Buffer *b = ctx.editor.CurrentBuffer();
+	if (!b) {
+		ctx.editor.SetStatus("No buffer");
+		return true;
+	}
+	// Expect key=value
+	auto eq = ctx.arg.find('=');
+	if (eq == std::string::npos) {
+		ctx.editor.SetStatus("usage: :set key=value");
+		return true;
+	}
+	std::string key = ctx.arg.substr(0, eq);
+	std::string val = ctx.arg.substr(eq + 1);
+	// trim
+	auto trim = [](std::string &s) {
+		auto notsp = [](int ch) {
+			return !std::isspace(ch);
+		};
+		s.erase(s.begin(), std::find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), notsp));
+		s.erase(std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), notsp).base(), s.end());
+	};
+	trim(key);
+	trim(val);
+	// lower-case value for filetype
+	for (auto &ch: val)
+		ch = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+	if (key == "filetype") {
+		apply_filetype(*b, val);
+		if (b->SyntaxEnabled())
+			ctx.editor.SetStatus(
+				std::string("filetype: ") + (b->Filetype().empty() ? "off" : b->Filetype()));
+		else
+			ctx.editor.SetStatus("filetype: off");
+		return true;
+	}
+	ctx.editor.SetStatus("unknown option: " + key);
+	return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -907,6 +924,7 @@ cmd_theme_next(CommandContext &ctx)
 	return true;
 }
 
+
 static bool
 cmd_theme_prev(CommandContext &ctx)
 {
@@ -2985,9 +3003,7 @@ cmd_page_up(CommandContext &ctx)
 	ensure_at_least_one_line(*buf);
 	auto &rows               = buf->Rows();
 	int repeat               = ctx.count > 0 ? ctx.count : 1;
-	std::size_t content_rows = ctx.editor.Rows() > 0 ? ctx.editor.Rows() - 1 : 0;
-	if (content_rows == 0)
-		content_rows = 1;
+	std::size_t content_rows = std::max<std::size_t>(1, ctx.editor.ContentRows());
 
 	// Base on current top-of-screen (row offset)
 	std::size_t rowoffs = buf->Rowoffs();
@@ -3011,7 +3027,6 @@ cmd_page_up(CommandContext &ctx)
 		y = rows.empty() ? 0 : rows.size() - 1;
 	buf->SetOffsets(rowoffs, 0);
 	buf->SetCursor(0, y);
-	ensure_cursor_visible(ctx.editor, *buf);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -3027,9 +3042,7 @@ cmd_page_down(CommandContext &ctx)
 	ensure_at_least_one_line(*buf);
 	auto &rows               = buf->Rows();
 	int repeat               = ctx.count > 0 ? ctx.count : 1;
-	std::size_t content_rows = ctx.editor.Rows() > 0 ? ctx.editor.Rows() - 1 : 0;
-	if (content_rows == 0)
-		content_rows = 1;
+	std::size_t content_rows = std::max<std::size_t>(1, ctx.editor.ContentRows());
 
 	std::size_t rowoffs = buf->Rowoffs();
 	// Compute maximum top offset
@@ -3050,7 +3063,74 @@ cmd_page_down(CommandContext &ctx)
 	std::size_t y = std::min<std::size_t>(rowoffs, rows.empty() ? 0 : rows.size() - 1);
 	buf->SetOffsets(rowoffs, 0);
 	buf->SetCursor(0, y);
-	ensure_cursor_visible(ctx.editor, *buf);
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+static bool
+cmd_scroll_up(CommandContext &ctx)
+{
+	Buffer *buf = ctx.editor.CurrentBuffer();
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+	ensure_at_least_one_line(*buf);
+	const auto &rows         = buf->Rows();
+	std::size_t content_rows = std::max<std::size_t>(1, ctx.editor.ContentRows());
+	std::size_t rowoffs      = buf->Rowoffs();
+
+	// Scroll up by 3 lines (or count if specified), without moving cursor
+	int scroll_amount = ctx.count > 0 ? ctx.count : 3;
+	if (rowoffs >= static_cast<std::size_t>(scroll_amount))
+		rowoffs -= static_cast<std::size_t>(scroll_amount);
+	else
+		rowoffs = 0;
+
+	buf->SetOffsets(rowoffs, buf->Coloffs());
+
+	// If cursor is now below the visible area, move it to the last visible line
+	std::size_t cury = buf->Cury();
+	if (cury >= rowoffs + content_rows) {
+		std::size_t new_y = rowoffs + content_rows - 1;
+		if (new_y >= rows.size() && !rows.empty())
+			new_y = rows.size() - 1;
+		buf->SetCursor(buf->Curx(), new_y);
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+static bool
+cmd_scroll_down(CommandContext &ctx)
+{
+	Buffer *buf = ctx.editor.CurrentBuffer();
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+	ensure_at_least_one_line(*buf);
+	const auto &rows         = buf->Rows();
+	std::size_t content_rows = std::max<std::size_t>(1, ctx.editor.ContentRows());
+	std::size_t rowoffs      = buf->Rowoffs();
+
+	// Scroll down by 3 lines (or count if specified), without moving cursor
+	int scroll_amount = ctx.count > 0 ? ctx.count : 3;
+
+	// Compute maximum top offset
+	std::size_t max_top = 0;
+	if (!rows.empty() && rows.size() > content_rows)
+		max_top = rows.size() - content_rows;
+
+	rowoffs += static_cast<std::size_t>(scroll_amount);
+	if (rowoffs > max_top)
+		rowoffs = max_top;
+
+	buf->SetOffsets(rowoffs, buf->Coloffs());
+
+	// If cursor is now above the visible area, move it to the first visible line
+	std::size_t cury = buf->Cury();
+	if (cury < rowoffs) {
+		buf->SetCursor(buf->Curx(), rowoffs);
+	}
+
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -3663,6 +3743,8 @@ InstallDefaultCommands()
 	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::MoveEnd, "end", "Move to end of line", cmd_move_end});
 	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::PageUp, "page-up", "Page up", cmd_page_up});
 	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::PageDown, "page-down", "Page down", cmd_page_down});
+	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::ScrollUp, "scroll-up", "Scroll viewport up", cmd_scroll_up});
+	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::ScrollDown, "scroll-down", "Scroll viewport down", cmd_scroll_down});
 	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::WordPrev, "word-prev", "Move to previous word", cmd_word_prev});
 	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::WordNext, "word-next", "Move to next word", cmd_word_next});
 	CommandRegistry::Register({
@@ -3734,12 +3816,12 @@ InstallDefaultCommands()
 		CommandId::ChangeWorkingDirectory, "change-working-directory", "Change current working directory",
 		cmd_change_working_directory_start
 	});
-    // UI helpers
-    CommandRegistry::Register(
-        {CommandId::UArgStatus, "uarg-status", "Update universal-arg status", cmd_uarg_status});
-    // Syntax highlighting (public commands)
-    CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::Syntax, "syntax", "Syntax: on|off|reload", cmd_syntax, true});
-    CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::SetOption, "set", "Set option: key=value", cmd_set_option, true});
+	// UI helpers
+	CommandRegistry::Register(
+		{CommandId::UArgStatus, "uarg-status", "Update universal-arg status", cmd_uarg_status});
+	// Syntax highlighting (public commands)
+	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::Syntax, "syntax", "Syntax: on|off|reload", cmd_syntax, true});
+	CommandRegistry::Register({CommandId::SetOption, "set", "Set option: key=value", cmd_set_option, true});
 }
 
 
@@ -3781,4 +3863,4 @@ Execute(Editor &ed, const std::string &name, const std::string &arg, int count)
 		return false;
 	CommandContext ctx{ed, arg, count};
 	return cmd->handler ? cmd->handler(ctx) : false;
-}
+}

Command.h

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ enum class CommandId {
 	MoveEnd,
 	PageUp,
 	PageDown,
+	ScrollUp, // scroll viewport up (towards beginning) without moving cursor
+	ScrollDown, // scroll viewport down (towards end) without moving cursor
 	WordPrev,
 	WordNext,
 	DeleteWordPrev, // delete previous word (ESC BACKSPACE)
@@ -94,10 +96,10 @@ enum class CommandId {
 	// Theme by name
 	ThemeSetByName,
 	// Background mode (GUI)
-    BackgroundSet,
-    // Syntax highlighting
-    Syntax,        // ":syntax on|off|reload"
-    SetOption,     // generic ":set key=value" (v1: filetype=<lang>)
+	BackgroundSet,
+	// Syntax highlighting
+	Syntax, // ":syntax on|off|reload"
+	SetOption, // generic ":set key=value" (v1: filetype=<lang>)
 };
 
 
@@ -151,4 +153,4 @@ bool Execute(Editor &ed, CommandId id, const std::string &arg = std::string(), i
 
 bool Execute(Editor &ed, const std::string &name, const std::string &arg = std::string(), int count = 0);
 
-#endif // KTE_COMMAND_H
+#endif // KTE_COMMAND_H

CppHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-#include "CppHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <cctype>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static bool is_digit(char c) { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; }
-
-CppHighlighter::CppHighlighter()
-{
-    const char *kw[] = {
-        "if","else","for","while","do","switch","case","default","break","continue",
-        "return","goto","struct","class","namespace","using","template","typename",
-        "public","private","protected","virtual","override","const","constexpr","auto",
-        "static","inline","operator","new","delete","try","catch","throw","friend",
-        "enum","union","extern","volatile","mutable","noexcept","sizeof","this"
-    };
-    for (auto s: kw) keywords_.insert(s);
-    const char *types[] = {
-        "int","long","short","char","signed","unsigned","float","double","void",
-        "bool","wchar_t","size_t","ptrdiff_t","uint8_t","uint16_t","uint32_t","uint64_t",
-        "int8_t","int16_t","int32_t","int64_t"
-    };
-    for (auto s: types) types_.insert(s);
-}
-
-bool CppHighlighter::is_ident_start(char c) { return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_'; }
-bool CppHighlighter::is_ident_char(char c) { return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_'; }
-
-void CppHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    // Stateless entry simply delegates to stateful with a clean previous state
-    StatefulHighlighter::LineState prev;
-    (void)HighlightLineStateful(buf, row, prev, out);
-}
-
-StatefulHighlighter::LineState CppHighlighter::HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf,
-                                    int row,
-                                    const LineState &prev,
-                                    std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    StatefulHighlighter::LineState state = prev;
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return state;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    if (s.empty()) return state;
-
-    auto push = [&](int a, int b, TokenKind k){ if (b> a) out.push_back({a,b,k}); };
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-    int bol = 0; while (bol < n && (s[bol] == ' ' || s[bol] == '\t')) ++bol;
-    int i = 0;
-
-    // Continue multi-line raw string from previous line
-    if (state.in_raw_string) {
-        std::string needle = ")" + state.raw_delim + "\"";
-        auto pos = s.find(needle);
-        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
-            push(0, n, TokenKind::String);
-            state.in_raw_string = true;
-            return state;
-        } else {
-            int end = static_cast<int>(pos + needle.size());
-            push(0, end, TokenKind::String);
-            i = end;
-            state.in_raw_string = false;
-            state.raw_delim.clear();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Continue multi-line block comment from previous line
-    if (state.in_block_comment) {
-        int j = i;
-        while (i + 1 < n) {
-            if (s[i] == '*' && s[i+1] == '/') { i += 2; push(j, i, TokenKind::Comment); state.in_block_comment = false; break; }
-            ++i;
-        }
-        if (state.in_block_comment) { push(j, n, TokenKind::Comment); return state; }
-    }
-
-    while (i < n) {
-        char c = s[i];
-        // Preprocessor at beginning of line (after leading whitespace)
-        if (i == bol && c == '#') { push(0, n, TokenKind::Preproc); break; }
-
-        // Whitespace
-        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
-            int j = i+1; while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t')) ++j; push(i,j,TokenKind::Whitespace); i=j; continue;
-        }
-
-        // Line comment
-        if (c == '/' && i+1 < n && s[i+1] == '/') { push(i, n, TokenKind::Comment); break; }
-
-        // Block comment
-        if (c == '/' && i+1 < n && s[i+1] == '*') {
-            int j = i+2;
-            bool closed = false;
-            while (j + 1 <= n) {
-                if (j + 1 < n && s[j] == '*' && s[j+1] == '/') { j += 2; closed = true; break; }
-                ++j;
-            }
-            if (closed) { push(i, j, TokenKind::Comment); i = j; continue; }
-            // Spill to next lines
-            push(i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
-            state.in_block_comment = true;
-            return state;
-        }
-
-        // Raw string start: very simple detection: R"delim(
-        if (c == 'R' && i+1 < n && s[i+1] == '"') {
-            int k = i + 2;
-            std::string delim;
-            while (k < n && s[k] != '(') { delim.push_back(s[k]); ++k; }
-            if (k < n && s[k] == '(') {
-                int body_start = k + 1;
-                std::string needle = ")" + delim + "\"";
-                auto pos = s.find(needle, static_cast<std::size_t>(body_start));
-                if (pos == std::string::npos) {
-                    push(i, n, TokenKind::String);
-                    state.in_raw_string = true;
-                    state.raw_delim = delim;
-                    return state;
-                } else {
-                    int end = static_cast<int>(pos + needle.size());
-                    push(i, end, TokenKind::String);
-                    i = end;
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-            // If malformed, just treat 'R' as identifier fallback
-        }
-
-        // Regular string literal
-        if (c == '"') {
-            int j = i+1; bool esc=false; while (j < n) { char d = s[j++]; if (esc) { esc=false; continue; } if (d == '\\') { esc=true; continue; } if (d == '"') break; }
-            push(i, j, TokenKind::String); i = j; continue;
-        }
-
-        // Char literal
-        if (c == '\'') {
-            int j = i+1; bool esc=false; while (j < n) { char d = s[j++]; if (esc) { esc=false; continue; } if (d == '\\') { esc=true; continue; } if (d == '\'') break; }
-            push(i, j, TokenKind::Char); i = j; continue;
-        }
-
-        // Number literal (simple)
-        if (is_digit(c) || (c == '.' && i+1 < n && is_digit(s[i+1]))) {
-            int j = i+1; while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j]=='.' || s[j]=='x' || s[j]=='X' || s[j]=='b' || s[j]=='B' || s[j]=='_')) ++j;
-            push(i, j, TokenKind::Number); i = j; continue;
-        }
-
-        // Identifier / keyword / type
-        if (is_ident_start(c)) {
-            int j = i+1; while (j < n && is_ident_char(s[j])) ++j; std::string id = s.substr(i, j-i);
-            TokenKind k = TokenKind::Identifier; if (keywords_.count(id)) k = TokenKind::Keyword; else if (types_.count(id)) k = TokenKind::Type; push(i, j, k); i = j; continue;
-        }
-
-        // Operators and punctuation (single char for now)
-        TokenKind kind = TokenKind::Operator;
-        if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) && c != '_' && c != '#') {
-            if (c==';' || c==',' || c=='(' || c==')' || c=='{' || c=='}' || c=='[' || c==']') kind = TokenKind::Punctuation;
-            push(i, i+1, kind); ++i; continue;
-        }
-
-        // Fallback
-        push(i, i+1, TokenKind::Default); ++i;
-    }
-
-    return state;
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

CppHighlighter.h

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// CppHighlighter.h - minimal stateless C/C++ line highlighter
-#pragma once
-
-#include <regex>
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_set>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-
-class Buffer;
-
-namespace kte {
-
-class CppHighlighter final : public StatefulHighlighter {
-public:
-    CppHighlighter();
-    ~CppHighlighter() override = default;
-
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-    LineState HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf,
-                                    int row,
-                                    const LineState &prev,
-                                    std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-
-private:
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> keywords_;
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> types_;
-
-    static bool is_ident_start(char c);
-    static bool is_ident_char(char c);
-};
-
-} // namespace kte

Editor.cc

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <utility>
 #include <filesystem>
-#include "HighlighterRegistry.h"
-#include "NullHighlighter.h"
 
 #include "Editor.h"
-#include "HighlighterRegistry.h"
-#include "CppHighlighter.h"
-#include "NullHighlighter.h"
+#include "syntax/HighlighterRegistry.h"
+#include "syntax/CppHighlighter.h"
+#include "syntax/NullHighlighter.h"
 
 
 Editor::Editor() = default;
@@ -148,104 +146,107 @@ Editor::OpenFile(const std::string &path, std::string &err)
 {
 	// If there is exactly one unnamed, empty, clean buffer, reuse it instead
 	// of creating a new one.
- if (buffers_.size() == 1) {
-        Buffer &cur                  = buffers_[curbuf_];
-        const bool unnamed           = cur.Filename().empty() && !cur.IsFileBacked();
-        const bool clean             = !cur.Dirty();
-        const auto &rows             = cur.Rows();
-        const bool rows_empty        = rows.empty();
-        const bool single_empty_line = (!rows.empty() && rows.size() == 1 && rows[0].size() == 0);
-        if (unnamed && clean && (rows_empty || single_empty_line)) {
-            bool ok = cur.OpenFromFile(path, err);
-            if (!ok) return false;
-            // Setup highlighting using registry (extension + shebang)
-            cur.EnsureHighlighter();
-            std::string first = "";
-            const auto &rows = cur.Rows();
-            if (!rows.empty()) first = static_cast<std::string>(rows[0]);
-            std::string ft = kte::HighlighterRegistry::DetectForPath(path, first);
-            if (!ft.empty()) {
-                cur.SetFiletype(ft);
-                cur.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-                if (auto *eng = cur.Highlighter()) {
-                    eng->SetHighlighter(kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(ft));
-                    eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-                }
-            } else {
-                cur.SetFiletype("");
-                cur.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-                if (auto *eng = cur.Highlighter()) {
-                    eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
-                    eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-                }
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
+	if (buffers_.size() == 1) {
+		Buffer &cur                  = buffers_[curbuf_];
+		const bool unnamed           = cur.Filename().empty() && !cur.IsFileBacked();
+		const bool clean             = !cur.Dirty();
+		const auto &rows             = cur.Rows();
+		const bool rows_empty        = rows.empty();
+		const bool single_empty_line = (!rows.empty() && rows.size() == 1 && rows[0].size() == 0);
+		if (unnamed && clean && (rows_empty || single_empty_line)) {
+			bool ok = cur.OpenFromFile(path, err);
+			if (!ok)
+				return false;
+			// Setup highlighting using registry (extension + shebang)
+			cur.EnsureHighlighter();
+			std::string first = "";
+			const auto &rows  = cur.Rows();
+			if (!rows.empty())
+				first = static_cast<std::string>(rows[0]);
+			std::string ft = kte::HighlighterRegistry::DetectForPath(path, first);
+			if (!ft.empty()) {
+				cur.SetFiletype(ft);
+				cur.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+				if (auto *eng = cur.Highlighter()) {
+					eng->SetHighlighter(kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(ft));
+					eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+				}
+			} else {
+				cur.SetFiletype("");
+				cur.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+				if (auto *eng = cur.Highlighter()) {
+					eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
+					eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
 
-    Buffer b;
-    if (!b.OpenFromFile(path, err)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    // Initialize syntax highlighting by extension + shebang via registry (v2)
-    b.EnsureHighlighter();
-    std::string first = "";
-    {
-        const auto &rows = b.Rows();
-        if (!rows.empty()) first = static_cast<std::string>(rows[0]);
-    }
-    std::string ft = kte::HighlighterRegistry::DetectForPath(path, first);
-    if (!ft.empty()) {
-        b.SetFiletype(ft);
-        b.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-        if (auto *eng = b.Highlighter()) {
-            eng->SetHighlighter(kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(ft));
-            eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-        }
-    } else {
-        b.SetFiletype("");
-        b.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-        if (auto *eng = b.Highlighter()) {
-            eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
-            eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-        }
-    }
-    // Add as a new buffer and switch to it
-    std::size_t idx = AddBuffer(std::move(b));
-    SwitchTo(idx);
-    return true;
+	Buffer b;
+	if (!b.OpenFromFile(path, err)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	// Initialize syntax highlighting by extension + shebang via registry (v2)
+	b.EnsureHighlighter();
+	std::string first = "";
+	{
+		const auto &rows = b.Rows();
+		if (!rows.empty())
+			first = static_cast<std::string>(rows[0]);
+	}
+	std::string ft = kte::HighlighterRegistry::DetectForPath(path, first);
+	if (!ft.empty()) {
+		b.SetFiletype(ft);
+		b.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+		if (auto *eng = b.Highlighter()) {
+			eng->SetHighlighter(kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(ft));
+			eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+		}
+	} else {
+		b.SetFiletype("");
+		b.SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+		if (auto *eng = b.Highlighter()) {
+			eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
+			eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+		}
+	}
+	// Add as a new buffer and switch to it
+	std::size_t idx = AddBuffer(std::move(b));
+	SwitchTo(idx);
+	return true;
 }
 
 
 bool
 Editor::SwitchTo(std::size_t index)
 {
-    if (index >= buffers_.size()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    curbuf_ = index;
-    // Robustness: ensure a valid highlighter is installed when switching buffers
-    Buffer &b = buffers_[curbuf_];
-    if (b.SyntaxEnabled()) {
-        b.EnsureHighlighter();
-        if (auto *eng = b.Highlighter()) {
-            if (!eng->HasHighlighter()) {
-                // Try to set based on existing filetype; fall back to NullHighlighter
-                if (!b.Filetype().empty()) {
-                    auto hl = kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(b.Filetype());
-                    if (hl) {
-                        eng->SetHighlighter(std::move(hl));
-                    } else {
-                        eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
-                }
-                eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
+	if (index >= buffers_.size()) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	curbuf_ = index;
+	// Robustness: ensure a valid highlighter is installed when switching buffers
+	Buffer &b = buffers_[curbuf_];
+	if (b.SyntaxEnabled()) {
+		b.EnsureHighlighter();
+		if (auto *eng = b.Highlighter()) {
+			if (!eng->HasHighlighter()) {
+				// Try to set based on existing filetype; fall back to NullHighlighter
+				if (!b.Filetype().empty()) {
+					auto hl = kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(b.Filetype());
+					if (hl) {
+						eng->SetHighlighter(std::move(hl));
+					} else {
+						eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
+					}
+				} else {
+					eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
+				}
+				eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
 

Editor.h

@@ -32,6 +32,16 @@ public:
 	}
 
 
+	[[nodiscard]] std::size_t ContentRows() const
+	{
+		// Always compute from current rows_ to avoid stale values.
+		// Reserve 1 row for status line.
+		if (rows_ == 0)
+			return 1;
+		return std::max<std::size_t>(1, rows_ - 1);
+	}
+
+
 	// Mode and flags (mirroring legacy fields)
 	void SetMode(int m)
 	{
@@ -553,4 +563,4 @@ private:
 	std::string replace_with_tmp_;
 };
 
-#endif // KTE_EDITOR_H
+#endif // KTE_EDITOR_H

GUIConfig.cc

@@ -102,27 +102,27 @@ GUIConfig::LoadFromFile(const std::string &path)
 			if (v > 0.0f) {
 				font_size = v;
 			}
-        } else if (key == "theme") {
-            theme = val;
-        } else if (key == "background" || key == "bg") {
-            std::string v = val;
-            std::transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v.begin(), [](unsigned char c) {
-                return (char) std::tolower(c);
-            });
-            if (v == "light" || v == "dark")
-                background = v;
-        } else if (key == "syntax") {
-            std::string v = val;
-            std::transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v.begin(), [](unsigned char c) {
-                return (char) std::tolower(c);
-            });
-            if (v == "1" || v == "on" || v == "true" || v == "yes") {
-                syntax = true;
-            } else if (v == "0" || v == "off" || v == "false" || v == "no") {
-                syntax = false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+		} else if (key == "theme") {
+			theme = val;
+		} else if (key == "background" || key == "bg") {
+			std::string v = val;
+			std::transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v.begin(), [](unsigned char c) {
+				return (char) std::tolower(c);
+			});
+			if (v == "light" || v == "dark")
+				background = v;
+		} else if (key == "syntax") {
+			std::string v = val;
+			std::transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v.begin(), [](unsigned char c) {
+				return (char) std::tolower(c);
+			});
+			if (v == "1" || v == "on" || v == "true" || v == "yes") {
+				syntax = true;
+			} else if (v == "0" || v == "off" || v == "false" || v == "no") {
+				syntax = false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
-    return true;
-}
+	return true;
+}

GUIConfig.h

@@ -12,18 +12,18 @@
 
 class GUIConfig {
 public:
-    bool fullscreen   = false;
-    int columns       = 80;
-    int rows          = 42;
-    float font_size   = (float) KTE_FONT_SIZE;
-    std::string theme = "nord";
-    // Background mode for themes that support light/dark variants
-    // Values: "dark" (default), "light"
-    std::string background = "dark";
+	bool fullscreen   = false;
+	int columns       = 80;
+	int rows          = 42;
+	float font_size   = (float) KTE_FONT_SIZE;
+	std::string theme = "nord";
+	// Background mode for themes that support light/dark variants
+	// Values: "dark" (default), "light"
+	std::string background = "dark";
 
-    // Default syntax highlighting state for GUI (kge): on/off
-    // Accepts: on/off/true/false/yes/no/1/0 in the ini file.
-    bool syntax = true; // default: enabled
+	// Default syntax highlighting state for GUI (kge): on/off
+	// Accepts: on/off/true/false/yes/no/1/0 in the ini file.
+	bool syntax = true; // default: enabled
 
 	// Load from default path: $HOME/.config/kte/kge.ini
 	static GUIConfig Load();
@@ -32,4 +32,4 @@ public:
 	bool LoadFromFile(const std::string &path);
 };
 
-#endif // KTE_GUI_CONFIG_H
+#endif // KTE_GUI_CONFIG_H

GUIFrontend.cc

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 #include "Font.h" // embedded default font (DefaultFontRegular)
 #include "GUIConfig.h"
 #include "GUITheme.h"
-#include "HighlighterRegistry.h"
-#include "NullHighlighter.h"
+#include "syntax/HighlighterRegistry.h"
+#include "syntax/NullHighlighter.h"
 
 
 #ifndef KTE_FONT_SIZE
@@ -108,42 +108,44 @@ GUIFrontend::Init(Editor &ed)
 	(void) io;
 	ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
 
- // Apply background mode and selected theme (default: Nord). Can be changed at runtime via commands.
- if (cfg.background == "light")
-     kte::SetBackgroundMode(kte::BackgroundMode::Light);
- else
-     kte::SetBackgroundMode(kte::BackgroundMode::Dark);
- kte::ApplyThemeByName(cfg.theme);
+	// Apply background mode and selected theme (default: Nord). Can be changed at runtime via commands.
+	if (cfg.background == "light")
+		kte::SetBackgroundMode(kte::BackgroundMode::Light);
+	else
+		kte::SetBackgroundMode(kte::BackgroundMode::Dark);
+	kte::ApplyThemeByName(cfg.theme);
 
- // Apply default syntax highlighting preference from GUI config to the current buffer
- if (Buffer *b = ed.CurrentBuffer()) {
-     if (cfg.syntax) {
-         b->SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
-         // Ensure a highlighter is available if possible
-         b->EnsureHighlighter();
-         if (auto *eng = b->Highlighter()) {
-             if (!eng->HasHighlighter()) {
-                 // Try detect from filename and first line; fall back to cpp or existing filetype
-                 std::string first_line;
-                 const auto &rows = b->Rows();
-                 if (!rows.empty()) first_line = static_cast<std::string>(rows[0]);
-                 std::string ft = kte::HighlighterRegistry::DetectForPath(b->Filename(), first_line);
-                 if (!ft.empty()) {
-                     eng->SetHighlighter(kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(ft));
-                     b->SetFiletype(ft);
-                     eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-                 } else {
-                     // Unknown/unsupported -> install a null highlighter to keep syntax enabled
-                     eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
-                     b->SetFiletype("");
-                     eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
-                 }
-             }
-         }
-     } else {
-         b->SetSyntaxEnabled(false);
-     }
- }
+	// Apply default syntax highlighting preference from GUI config to the current buffer
+	if (Buffer *b = ed.CurrentBuffer()) {
+		if (cfg.syntax) {
+			b->SetSyntaxEnabled(true);
+			// Ensure a highlighter is available if possible
+			b->EnsureHighlighter();
+			if (auto *eng = b->Highlighter()) {
+				if (!eng->HasHighlighter()) {
+					// Try detect from filename and first line; fall back to cpp or existing filetype
+					std::string first_line;
+					const auto &rows = b->Rows();
+					if (!rows.empty())
+						first_line = static_cast<std::string>(rows[0]);
+					std::string ft = kte::HighlighterRegistry::DetectForPath(
+						b->Filename(), first_line);
+					if (!ft.empty()) {
+						eng->SetHighlighter(kte::HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(ft));
+						b->SetFiletype(ft);
+						eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+					} else {
+						// Unknown/unsupported -> install a null highlighter to keep syntax enabled
+						eng->SetHighlighter(std::make_unique<kte::NullHighlighter>());
+						b->SetFiletype("");
+						eng->InvalidateFrom(0);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			b->SetSyntaxEnabled(false);
+		}
+	}
 
 	if (!ImGui_ImplSDL2_InitForOpenGL(window_, gl_ctx_))
 		return false;
@@ -201,28 +203,7 @@ GUIFrontend::Step(Editor &ed, bool &running)
 		input_.ProcessSDLEvent(e);
 	}
 
-	// Execute pending mapped inputs (drain queue)
-	for (;;) {
-		MappedInput mi;
-		if (!input_.Poll(mi))
-			break;
-		if (mi.hasCommand) {
-			// Track kill ring before and after to sync GUI clipboard when it changes
-			const std::string before = ed.KillRingHead();
-			Execute(ed, mi.id, mi.arg, mi.count);
-			const std::string after = ed.KillRingHead();
-			if (after != before && !after.empty()) {
-				// Update the system clipboard to mirror the kill ring head in GUI
-				SDL_SetClipboardText(after.c_str());
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (ed.QuitRequested()) {
-		running = false;
-	}
-
-	// Start a new ImGui frame
+	// Start a new ImGui frame BEFORE processing commands so dimensions are correct
 	ImGui_ImplOpenGL3_NewFrame();
 	ImGui_ImplSDL2_NewFrame(window_);
 	ImGui::NewFrame();
@@ -262,6 +243,27 @@ GUIFrontend::Step(Editor &ed, bool &running)
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Execute pending mapped inputs (drain queue) AFTER dimensions are updated
+	for (;;) {
+		MappedInput mi;
+		if (!input_.Poll(mi))
+			break;
+		if (mi.hasCommand) {
+			// Track kill ring before and after to sync GUI clipboard when it changes
+			const std::string before = ed.KillRingHead();
+			Execute(ed, mi.id, mi.arg, mi.count);
+			const std::string after = ed.KillRingHead();
+			if (after != before && !after.empty()) {
+				// Update the system clipboard to mirror the kill ring head in GUI
+				SDL_SetClipboardText(after.c_str());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ed.QuitRequested()) {
+		running = false;
+	}
+
 	// No runtime font UI; always use embedded font.
 
 	// Draw editor UI
@@ -316,4 +318,4 @@ GUIFrontend::LoadGuiFont_(const char * /*path*/, float size_px)
 }
 
 
-// No runtime font reload or system font resolution in this simplified build.
+// No runtime font reload or system font resolution in this simplified build.

GUIInputHandler.cc

@@ -285,15 +285,11 @@ GUIInputHandler::ProcessSDLEvent(const SDL_Event &e)
 	bool produced = false;
 	switch (e.type) {
 	case SDL_MOUSEWHEEL: {
-		// If ImGui wants to capture the mouse (e.g., hovering the File Picker list),
-		// don't translate wheel events into editor scrolling.
-		// This prevents background buffer scroll while using GUI widgets.
-		ImGuiIO &io = ImGui::GetIO();
-		if (io.WantCaptureMouse) {
-			return true; // consumed by GUI
-		}
-
-		// Map vertical wheel to line-wise cursor movement (MoveUp/MoveDown)
+		// Map vertical wheel to viewport scrolling (ScrollUp/ScrollDown)
+		// Note: We don't check WantCaptureMouse here because ImGui sets it to true
+		// whenever the mouse is over any ImGui window (including our editor content area).
+		// The NoScrollWithMouse flag on the child window prevents ImGui from handling
+		// scroll internally, so we can safely process wheel events ourselves.
 		int dy = e.wheel.y;
 #ifdef SDL_MOUSEWHEEL_FLIPPED
 		if (e.wheel.direction == SDL_MOUSEWHEEL_FLIPPED)
@@ -301,7 +297,7 @@ GUIInputHandler::ProcessSDLEvent(const SDL_Event &e)
 #endif
 		if (dy != 0) {
 			int repeat   = dy > 0 ? dy : -dy;
-			CommandId id = dy > 0 ? CommandId::MoveUp : CommandId::MoveDown;
+			CommandId id = dy > 0 ? CommandId::ScrollUp : CommandId::ScrollDown;
 			std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mu_);
 			for (int i = 0; i < repeat; ++i) {
 				q_.push(MappedInput{true, id, std::string(), 0});
@@ -372,7 +368,7 @@ GUIInputHandler::ProcessSDLEvent(const SDL_Event &e)
 			// Digits without shift, or a plain '-'
 			const bool is_digit_key = (key >= SDLK_0 && key <= SDLK_9) && !(mods & KMOD_SHIFT);
 			const bool is_minus_key = (key == SDLK_MINUS);
-			if (uarg_active_ && uarg_collecting_ && (is_digit_key || is_minus_key)) {
+			if (uarg_active_ && uarg_collecting_ &&(is_digit_key || is_minus_key)) {
 				suppress_text_input_once_ = true;
 			}
 		}
@@ -564,7 +560,12 @@ GUIInputHandler::ProcessSDLEvent(const SDL_Event &e)
 
 	if (produced && mi.hasCommand) {
 		// Attach universal-argument count if present, then clear the state
-		if (uarg_active_ && mi.id != CommandId::UArgStatus) {
+		if (uarg_active_ &&mi
+		
+		.
+		id != CommandId::UArgStatus
+		)
+		{
 			int count = 0;
 			if (!uarg_had_digits_ && !uarg_negative_) {
 				count = (uarg_value_ > 0) ? uarg_value_ : 4;
@@ -597,4 +598,4 @@ GUIInputHandler::Poll(MappedInput &out)
 	out = q_.front();
 	q_.pop();
 	return true;
-}
+}

GUIRenderer.cc

@@ -66,55 +66,66 @@ GUIRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 	if (!buf) {
 		ImGui::TextUnformatted("[no buffer]");
 	} else {
-		const auto &lines = buf->Rows();
-		// Reserve space for status bar at bottom
-		ImGui::BeginChild("scroll", ImVec2(0, -ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing()), false,
-		                  ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse);
-		// Detect click-to-move inside this scroll region
-		ImVec2 list_origin  = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
-		float scroll_y      = ImGui::GetScrollY();
-		float scroll_x      = ImGui::GetScrollX();
-		std::size_t rowoffs = 0; // we render from the first line; scrolling is handled by ImGui
+		const auto &lines   = buf->Rows();
 		std::size_t cy      = buf->Cury();
 		std::size_t cx      = buf->Curx();
 		const float line_h  = ImGui::GetTextLineHeight();
 		const float row_h   = ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing();
 		const float space_w = ImGui::CalcTextSize(" ").x;
+
 		// Two-way sync between Buffer::Rowoffs and ImGui scroll position:
 		// - If command layer changed Buffer::Rowoffs since last frame, drive ImGui scroll from it.
 		// - Otherwise, propagate ImGui scroll to Buffer::Rowoffs so command layer has an up-to-date view.
-		// This prevents clicks/wheel from being immediately overridden by stale offsets.
+		static long prev_buf_rowoffs = -1; // previous frame's Buffer::Rowoffs
+		static long prev_buf_coloffs = -1; // previous frame's Buffer::Coloffs
+
+		const long buf_rowoffs = static_cast<long>(buf->Rowoffs());
+		const long buf_coloffs = static_cast<long>(buf->Coloffs());
+
+		// Detect programmatic change (e.g., page_down command changed rowoffs)
+		// Use SetNextWindowScroll BEFORE BeginChild to set initial scroll position
+		if (prev_buf_rowoffs >= 0 && buf_rowoffs != prev_buf_rowoffs) {
+			float target_y = static_cast<float>(buf_rowoffs) * row_h;
+			ImGui::SetNextWindowScroll(ImVec2(-1.0f, target_y));
+		}
+		if (prev_buf_coloffs >= 0 && buf_coloffs != prev_buf_coloffs) {
+			float target_x = static_cast<float>(buf_coloffs) * space_w;
+			float target_y = static_cast<float>(buf_rowoffs) * row_h;
+			ImGui::SetNextWindowScroll(ImVec2(target_x, target_y));
+		}
+
+		// Reserve space for status bar at bottom
+		ImGui::BeginChild("scroll", ImVec2(0, -ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing()), false,
+		                  ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse);
+
+		// Get child window position and scroll for click handling
+		ImVec2 child_window_pos = ImGui::GetWindowPos();
+		float scroll_y          = ImGui::GetScrollY();
+		float scroll_x          = ImGui::GetScrollX();
+		std::size_t rowoffs     = 0; // we render from the first line; scrolling is handled by ImGui
+
+		// Synchronize buffer offsets from ImGui scroll if user scrolled manually
 		bool forced_scroll = false;
 		{
-			static long prev_buf_rowoffs = -1; // previous frame's Buffer::Rowoffs
-			static long prev_buf_coloffs = -1; // previous frame's Buffer::Coloffs
-			static float prev_scroll_y   = -1.0f; // previous frame's ImGui scroll Y in pixels
-			static float prev_scroll_x   = -1.0f; // previous frame's ImGui scroll X in pixels
+			static float prev_scroll_y = -1.0f; // previous frame's ImGui scroll Y in pixels
+			static float prev_scroll_x = -1.0f; // previous frame's ImGui scroll X in pixels
 
-			const long buf_rowoffs = static_cast<long>(buf->Rowoffs());
-			const long buf_coloffs = static_cast<long>(buf->Coloffs());
 			const long scroll_top  = static_cast<long>(scroll_y / row_h);
 			const long scroll_left = static_cast<long>(scroll_x / space_w);
 
-			// Detect programmatic change (e.g., keyboard navigation ensured visibility)
+			// Check if rowoffs was programmatically changed this frame
 			if (prev_buf_rowoffs >= 0 && buf_rowoffs != prev_buf_rowoffs) {
-				ImGui::SetScrollY(static_cast<float>(buf_rowoffs) * row_h);
-				scroll_y      = ImGui::GetScrollY();
 				forced_scroll = true;
 			}
-			if (prev_buf_coloffs >= 0 && buf_coloffs != prev_buf_coloffs) {
-				ImGui::SetScrollX(static_cast<float>(buf_coloffs) * space_w);
-				scroll_x      = ImGui::GetScrollX();
-				forced_scroll = true;
-			}
-			// If user scrolled, update buffer offsets accordingly
-			if (prev_scroll_y >= 0.0f && scroll_y != prev_scroll_y) {
+
+			// If user scrolled (not programmatic), update buffer offsets accordingly
+			if (prev_scroll_y >= 0.0f && scroll_y != prev_scroll_y && !forced_scroll) {
 				if (Buffer *mbuf = const_cast<Buffer *>(buf)) {
 					mbuf->SetOffsets(static_cast<std::size_t>(std::max(0L, scroll_top)),
 					                 mbuf->Coloffs());
 				}
 			}
-			if (prev_scroll_x >= 0.0f && scroll_x != prev_scroll_x) {
+			if (prev_scroll_x >= 0.0f && scroll_x != prev_scroll_x && !forced_scroll) {
 				if (Buffer *mbuf = const_cast<Buffer *>(buf)) {
 					mbuf->SetOffsets(mbuf->Rowoffs(),
 					                 static_cast<std::size_t>(std::max(0L, scroll_left)));
@@ -122,11 +133,12 @@ GUIRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 			}
 
 			// Update trackers for next frame
-			prev_buf_rowoffs = static_cast<long>(buf->Rowoffs());
-			prev_buf_coloffs = static_cast<long>(buf->Coloffs());
-			prev_scroll_y    = ImGui::GetScrollY();
-			prev_scroll_x    = ImGui::GetScrollX();
+			prev_scroll_y = scroll_y;
+			prev_scroll_x = scroll_x;
 		}
+		prev_buf_rowoffs = buf_rowoffs;
+		prev_buf_coloffs = buf_coloffs;
+
 		// Synchronize cursor and scrolling.
 		// Ensure the cursor is visible even on the first frame or when it didn't move,
 		// unless we already forced scrolling from Buffer::Rowoffs this frame.
@@ -139,50 +151,42 @@ GUIRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 				vis_rows = 1;
 			long last_row = first_row + vis_rows - 1;
 
-            if (!forced_scroll) {
-                long cyr = static_cast<long>(cy);
-                if (cyr < first_row || cyr > last_row) {
-                    float target = (static_cast<float>(cyr) - std::max(0L, vis_rows / 2)) * row_h;
-                    float max_y  = ImGui::GetScrollMaxY();
-                    if (target < 0.f)
-                        target = 0.f;
-                    if (max_y >= 0.f && target > max_y)
-                        target = max_y;
-                    ImGui::SetScrollY(target);
-                    // refresh local variables
-                    scroll_y  = ImGui::GetScrollY();
-                    first_row = static_cast<long>(scroll_y / row_h);
-                    last_row  = first_row + vis_rows - 1;
-                }
-            }
-            // Phase 3: prefetch visible viewport highlights and warm around in background
-            if (buf->SyntaxEnabled() && buf->Highlighter() && buf->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
-                int fr = static_cast<int>(std::max(0L, first_row));
-                int rc = static_cast<int>(std::max(1L, vis_rows));
-                buf->Highlighter()->PrefetchViewport(*buf, fr, rc, buf->Version());
-            }
-        }
+			if (!forced_scroll) {
+				long cyr = static_cast<long>(cy);
+				if (cyr < first_row || cyr > last_row) {
+					float target = (static_cast<float>(cyr) - std::max(0L, vis_rows / 2)) * row_h;
+					float max_y  = ImGui::GetScrollMaxY();
+					if (target < 0.f)
+						target = 0.f;
+					if (max_y >= 0.f && target > max_y)
+						target = max_y;
+					ImGui::SetScrollY(target);
+					// refresh local variables
+					scroll_y  = ImGui::GetScrollY();
+					first_row = static_cast<long>(scroll_y / row_h);
+					last_row  = first_row + vis_rows - 1;
+				}
+			}
+			// Phase 3: prefetch visible viewport highlights and warm around in background
+			if (buf->SyntaxEnabled() && buf->Highlighter() && buf->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
+				int fr = static_cast<int>(std::max(0L, first_row));
+				int rc = static_cast<int>(std::max(1L, vis_rows));
+				buf->Highlighter()->PrefetchViewport(*buf, fr, rc, buf->Version());
+			}
+		}
 		// Handle mouse click before rendering to avoid dependent on drawn items
 		if (ImGui::IsWindowHovered() && ImGui::IsMouseClicked(ImGuiMouseButton_Left)) {
 			ImVec2 mp = ImGui::GetIO().MousePos;
-			// Compute viewport-relative row so (0) is top row of the visible area
-			float vy_f = (mp.y - list_origin.y - scroll_y) / row_h;
-			long vy    = static_cast<long>(vy_f);
-			if (vy < 0)
-				vy = 0;
+			// Compute content-relative position accounting for scroll
+			// mp.y - child_window_pos.y gives us pixels from top of child window
+			// Adding scroll_y gives us pixels from top of content (buffer row 0)
+			float content_y = (mp.y - child_window_pos.y) + scroll_y;
+			long by_l       = static_cast<long>(content_y / row_h);
+			if (by_l < 0)
+				by_l = 0;
 
-			// Clamp vy within visible content height to avoid huge jumps
-			ImVec2 cr_min = ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMin();
-			ImVec2 cr_max = ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax();
-			float child_h = (cr_max.y - cr_min.y);
-			long vis_rows = static_cast<long>(child_h / row_h);
-			if (vis_rows < 1)
-				vis_rows = 1;
-			if (vy >= vis_rows)
-				vy = vis_rows - 1;
-
-			// Translate viewport row to buffer row using Buffer::Rowoffs
-			std::size_t by = buf->Rowoffs() + static_cast<std::size_t>(vy);
+			// Convert to buffer row
+			std::size_t by = static_cast<std::size_t>(by_l);
 			if (by >= lines.size()) {
 				if (!lines.empty())
 					by = lines.size() - 1;
@@ -190,58 +194,43 @@ GUIRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 					by = 0;
 			}
 
-			// Compute desired pixel X inside the viewport content (subtract horizontal scroll)
-			float px = (mp.x - list_origin.x - scroll_x);
-			if (px < 0.0f)
-				px = 0.0f;
+			// Compute content-relative X position accounting for scroll
+			// mp.x - child_window_pos.x gives us pixels from left edge of child window
+			// Adding scroll_x gives us pixels from left edge of content (column 0)
+			float content_x = (mp.x - child_window_pos.x) + scroll_x;
+			if (content_x < 0.0f)
+				content_x = 0.0f;
 
 			// Empty buffer guard: if there are no lines yet, just move to 0:0
 			if (lines.empty()) {
 				Execute(ed, CommandId::MoveCursorTo, std::string("0:0"));
 			} else {
-				// Convert pixel X to a render-column target including horizontal col offset
-				// Use our own tab expansion of width 8 to match command layer logic.
+				// Convert pixel X to source column accounting for tabs
 				std::string line_clicked = static_cast<std::string>(lines[by]);
 				const std::size_t tabw   = 8;
-				// We iterate source columns computing absolute rendered column (rx_abs) from 0,
-				// then translate to viewport-space by subtracting Coloffs.
-				std::size_t coloffs = buf->Coloffs();
-				std::size_t rx_abs  = 0; // absolute rendered column
-				std::size_t i       = 0; // source column iterator
 
-				// Fast-forward i until rx_abs >= coloffs to align with leftmost visible column
-				if (!line_clicked.empty() && coloffs > 0) {
-					while (i < line_clicked.size() && rx_abs < coloffs) {
-						if (line_clicked[i] == '\t') {
-							rx_abs += (tabw - (rx_abs % tabw));
-						} else {
-							rx_abs += 1;
-						}
-						++i;
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Now search for closest source column to clicked px within/after viewport
-				std::size_t best_col = i; // default to first visible column
+				// Iterate through source columns, computing rendered position, to find closest match
+				std::size_t rx       = 0; // rendered column position
+				std::size_t best_col = 0;
 				float best_dist      = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
-				while (true) {
-					// For i in [current..size], evaluate candidate including the implicit end position
-					std::size_t rx_view = (rx_abs >= coloffs) ? (rx_abs - coloffs) : 0;
-					float rx_px         = static_cast<float>(rx_view) * space_w;
-					float dist          = std::fabs(px - rx_px);
-					if (dist <= best_dist) {
+
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; i <= line_clicked.size(); ++i) {
+					// Check current position
+					float rx_px = static_cast<float>(rx) * space_w;
+					float dist  = std::fabs(content_x - rx_px);
+					if (dist < best_dist) {
 						best_dist = dist;
 						best_col  = i;
 					}
-					if (i == line_clicked.size())
-						break;
-					// advance to next source column
-					if (line_clicked[i] == '\t') {
-						rx_abs += (tabw - (rx_abs % tabw));
-					} else {
-						rx_abs += 1;
+
+					// Advance to next position if not at end
+					if (i < line_clicked.size()) {
+						if (line_clicked[i] == '\t') {
+							rx += (tabw - (rx % tabw));
+						} else {
+							rx += 1;
+						}
 					}
-					++i;
 				}
 
 				// Dispatch absolute buffer coordinates (row:col)
@@ -329,50 +318,57 @@ GUIRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 					ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilled(p0, p1, col);
 				}
 			}
-   // Emit entire line to an expanded buffer (tabs -> spaces)
-   for (std::size_t src = 0; src < line.size(); ++src) {
-       char c = line[src];
-       if (c == '\t') {
-           std::size_t adv = (tabw - (rx_abs_draw % tabw));
-           expanded.append(adv, ' ');
-           rx_abs_draw += adv;
-       } else {
-           expanded.push_back(c);
-           rx_abs_draw += 1;
-       }
-   }
+			// Emit entire line to an expanded buffer (tabs -> spaces)
+			for (std::size_t src = 0; src < line.size(); ++src) {
+				char c = line[src];
+				if (c == '\t') {
+					std::size_t adv = (tabw - (rx_abs_draw % tabw));
+					expanded.append(adv, ' ');
+					rx_abs_draw += adv;
+				} else {
+					expanded.push_back(c);
+					rx_abs_draw += 1;
+				}
+			}
 
-   // Draw syntax-colored runs (text above background highlights)
-   if (buf->SyntaxEnabled() && buf->Highlighter() && buf->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
-       const kte::LineHighlight &lh = buf->Highlighter()->GetLine(*buf, static_cast<int>(i), buf->Version());
-       // Helper to convert a src column to expanded rx position
-       auto src_to_rx_full = [&](std::size_t sidx) -> std::size_t {
-           std::size_t rx = 0;
-           for (std::size_t k = 0; k < sidx && k < line.size(); ++k) {
-               rx += (line[k] == '\t') ? (tabw - (rx % tabw)) : 1;
-           }
-           return rx;
-       };
-       for (const auto &sp: lh.spans) {
-           std::size_t rx_s = src_to_rx_full(static_cast<std::size_t>(std::max(0, sp.col_start)));
-           std::size_t rx_e = src_to_rx_full(static_cast<std::size_t>(std::max(sp.col_start, sp.col_end)));
-           if (rx_e <= coloffs_now)
-               continue;
-           std::size_t vx0 = (rx_s > coloffs_now) ? (rx_s - coloffs_now) : 0;
-           std::size_t vx1 = (rx_e > coloffs_now) ? (rx_e - coloffs_now) : 0;
-           if (vx0 >= expanded.size()) continue;
-           vx1 = std::min<std::size_t>(vx1, expanded.size());
-           if (vx1 <= vx0) continue;
-           ImU32 col = ImGui::GetColorU32(kte::SyntaxInk(sp.kind));
-           ImVec2 p = ImVec2(line_pos.x + static_cast<float>(vx0) * space_w, line_pos.y);
-           ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddText(p, col, expanded.c_str() + vx0, expanded.c_str() + vx1);
-       }
-       // We drew text via draw list (no layout advance). Manually advance the cursor to the next line.
-       ImGui::SetCursorScreenPos(ImVec2(line_pos.x, line_pos.y + line_h));
-   } else {
-       // No syntax: draw as one run
-       ImGui::TextUnformatted(expanded.c_str());
-   }
+			// Draw syntax-colored runs (text above background highlights)
+			if (buf->SyntaxEnabled() && buf->Highlighter() && buf->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
+				const kte::LineHighlight &lh = buf->Highlighter()->GetLine(
+					*buf, static_cast<int>(i), buf->Version());
+				// Helper to convert a src column to expanded rx position
+				auto src_to_rx_full = [&](std::size_t sidx) -> std::size_t {
+					std::size_t rx = 0;
+					for (std::size_t k = 0; k < sidx && k < line.size(); ++k) {
+						rx += (line[k] == '\t') ? (tabw - (rx % tabw)) : 1;
+					}
+					return rx;
+				};
+				for (const auto &sp: lh.spans) {
+					std::size_t rx_s = src_to_rx_full(
+						static_cast<std::size_t>(std::max(0, sp.col_start)));
+					std::size_t rx_e = src_to_rx_full(
+						static_cast<std::size_t>(std::max(sp.col_start, sp.col_end)));
+					if (rx_e <= coloffs_now)
+						continue;
+					std::size_t vx0 = (rx_s > coloffs_now) ? (rx_s - coloffs_now) : 0;
+					std::size_t vx1 = (rx_e > coloffs_now) ? (rx_e - coloffs_now) : 0;
+					if (vx0 >= expanded.size())
+						continue;
+					vx1 = std::min<std::size_t>(vx1, expanded.size());
+					if (vx1 <= vx0)
+						continue;
+					ImU32 col = ImGui::GetColorU32(kte::SyntaxInk(sp.kind));
+					ImVec2 p  = ImVec2(line_pos.x + static_cast<float>(vx0) * space_w, line_pos.y);
+					ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddText(
+						p, col, expanded.c_str() + vx0, expanded.c_str() + vx1);
+				}
+				// We drew text via draw list (no layout advance). Manually advance the cursor to the next line.
+				// Use row_h (with spacing) to match click calculation and ensure consistent line positions.
+				ImGui::SetCursorScreenPos(ImVec2(line_pos.x, line_pos.y + row_h));
+			} else {
+				// No syntax: draw as one run
+				ImGui::TextUnformatted(expanded.c_str());
+			}
 
 			// Draw a visible cursor indicator on the current line
 			if (i == cy) {
@@ -761,4 +757,4 @@ GUIRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 			ed.SetFilePickerVisible(false);
 		}
 	}
-}
+}

GoHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#include "GoHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <cctype>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static void push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k){ if (b>a) out.push_back({a,b,k}); }
-static bool is_ident_start(char c){ return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c=='_'; }
-static bool is_ident_char(char c){ return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c=='_'; }
-
-GoHighlighter::GoHighlighter()
-{
-    const char* kw[] = {"break","case","chan","const","continue","default","defer","else","fallthrough","for","func","go","goto","if","import","interface","map","package","range","return","select","struct","switch","type","var"};
-    for (auto s: kw) kws_.insert(s);
-    const char* tp[] = {"bool","byte","complex64","complex128","error","float32","float64","int","int8","int16","int32","int64","rune","string","uint","uint8","uint16","uint32","uint64","uintptr"};
-    for (auto s: tp) types_.insert(s);
-}
-
-void GoHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-    int i = 0;
-    int bol=0; while (bol<n && (s[bol]==' '||s[bol]=='\t')) ++bol;
-    // line comment
-    while (i < n) {
-        char c = s[i];
-        if (c==' '||c=='\t') { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (s[j]==' '||s[j]=='\t')) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Whitespace); i=j; continue; }
-        if (c=='/' && i+1<n && s[i+1]=='/') { push(out,i,n,TokenKind::Comment); break; }
-        if (c=='/' && i+1<n && s[i+1]=='*') {
-            int j=i+2; bool closed=false; while (j+1<=n) { if (j+1<n && s[j]=='*' && s[j+1]=='/') { j+=2; closed=true; break; } ++j; }
-            if (!closed) { push(out,i,n,TokenKind::Comment); break; } else { push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Comment); i=j; continue; }
-        }
-        if (c=='"' || c=='`') {
-            char q=c; int j=i+1; bool esc=false; if (q=='`') { while (j<n && s[j] != '`') ++j; if (j<n) ++j; }
-            else { while (j<n){ char d=s[j++]; if (esc){esc=false; continue;} if (d=='\\'){esc=true; continue;} if (d=='"') break;} }
-            push(out,i,j,TokenKind::String); i=j; continue;
-        }
-        if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j]))||s[j]=='.'||s[j]=='x'||s[j]=='X'||s[j]=='_')) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Number); i=j; continue; }
-        if (is_ident_start(c)) { int j=i+1; while (j<n && is_ident_char(s[j])) ++j; std::string id=s.substr(i,j-i); TokenKind k=TokenKind::Identifier; if (kws_.count(id)) k=TokenKind::Keyword; else if (types_.count(id)) k=TokenKind::Type; push(out,i,j,k); i=j; continue; }
-        if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) { TokenKind k=TokenKind::Operator; if (c==';'||c==','||c=='('||c==')'||c=='{'||c=='}'||c=='['||c==']') k=TokenKind::Punctuation; push(out,i,i+1,k); ++i; continue; }
-        push(out,i,i+1,TokenKind::Default); ++i;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

GoHighlighter.h

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-// GoHighlighter.h - simple Go highlighter
-#pragma once
-
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-#include <unordered_set>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-class GoHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
-public:
-    GoHighlighter();
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-private:
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> types_;
-};
-
-} // namespace kte

Highlight.h

@@ -5,35 +5,33 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace kte {
-
 // Token kinds shared between renderers and highlighters
 enum class TokenKind {
-    Default,
-    Keyword,
-    Type,
-    String,
-    Char,
-    Comment,
-    Number,
-    Preproc,
-    Constant,
-    Function,
-    Operator,
-    Punctuation,
-    Identifier,
-    Whitespace,
-    Error
+	Default,
+	Keyword,
+	Type,
+	String,
+	Char,
+	Comment,
+	Number,
+	Preproc,
+	Constant,
+	Function,
+	Operator,
+	Punctuation,
+	Identifier,
+	Whitespace,
+	Error
 };
 
 struct HighlightSpan {
-    int col_start{0}; // inclusive, 0-based columns in buffer indices
-    int col_end{0};   // exclusive
-    TokenKind kind{TokenKind::Default};
+	int col_start{0}; // inclusive, 0-based columns in buffer indices
+	int col_end{0}; // exclusive
+	TokenKind kind{TokenKind::Default};
 };
 
 struct LineHighlight {
-    std::vector<HighlightSpan> spans;
-    std::uint64_t version{0}; // buffer version used for this line
+	std::vector<HighlightSpan> spans;
+	std::uint64_t version{0}; // buffer version used for this line
 };
-
-} // namespace kte
+} // namespace kte

HighlighterEngine.cc

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-#include "HighlighterEngine.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-#include <thread>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-HighlighterEngine::HighlighterEngine() = default;
-HighlighterEngine::~HighlighterEngine()
-{
-    // stop background worker
-    if (worker_running_.load()) {
-        {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
-            worker_running_.store(false);
-            has_request_ = true; // wake it up to exit
-        }
-        cv_.notify_one();
-        if (worker_.joinable()) worker_.join();
-    }
-}
-
-void
-HighlighterEngine::SetHighlighter(std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> hl)
-{
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
-    hl_ = std::move(hl);
-    cache_.clear();
-    state_cache_.clear();
-    state_last_contig_.clear();
-}
-
-const LineHighlight &
-HighlighterEngine::GetLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::uint64_t buf_version) const
-{
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
-    auto it = cache_.find(row);
-    if (it != cache_.end() && it->second.version == buf_version) {
-        return it->second;
-    }
-
-    // Prepare destination slot to reuse its capacity and avoid allocations
-    LineHighlight &slot = cache_[row];
-    slot.version = buf_version;
-    slot.spans.clear();
-
-    if (!hl_) {
-        return slot;
-    }
-
-    // Copy shared_ptr-like raw pointer for use outside critical sections
-    LanguageHighlighter *hl_ptr = hl_.get();
-    bool is_stateful = dynamic_cast<StatefulHighlighter *>(hl_ptr) != nullptr;
-
-    if (!is_stateful) {
-        // Stateless fast path: we can release the lock while computing to reduce contention
-        auto &out = slot.spans;
-        lock.unlock();
-        hl_ptr->HighlightLine(buf, row, out);
-        return cache_.at(row);
-    }
-
-    // Stateful path: we need to walk from a known previous state. Keep lock while consulting caches,
-    // but release during heavy computation.
-    auto *stateful = static_cast<StatefulHighlighter *>(hl_ptr);
-
-    StatefulHighlighter::LineState prev_state;
-    int start_row = -1;
-    if (!state_cache_.empty()) {
-        // linear search over map (unordered), track best candidate
-        int best = -1;
-        for (const auto &kv : state_cache_) {
-            int r = kv.first;
-            if (r <= row - 1 && kv.second.version == buf_version) {
-                if (r > best) best = r;
-            }
-        }
-        if (best >= 0) {
-            start_row = best;
-            prev_state = state_cache_.at(best).state;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // We'll compute states and the target line's spans without holding the lock for most of the work.
-    // Create a local copy of prev_state and iterate rows; we will update caches under lock.
-    lock.unlock();
-    StatefulHighlighter::LineState cur_state = prev_state;
-    for (int r = start_row + 1; r <= row; ++r) {
-        std::vector<HighlightSpan> tmp;
-        std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out = (r == row) ? slot.spans : tmp;
-        auto next_state = stateful->HighlightLineStateful(buf, r, cur_state, out);
-        // Update state cache for r
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> gl(mtx_);
-        StateEntry se;
-        se.version = buf_version;
-        se.state = next_state;
-        state_cache_[r] = se;
-        cur_state = next_state;
-    }
-
-    // Return reference under lock to ensure slot's address stability in map
-    lock.lock();
-    return cache_.at(row);
-}
-
-void
-HighlighterEngine::InvalidateFrom(int row)
-{
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
-    if (cache_.empty()) return;
-    // Simple implementation: erase all rows >= row
-    for (auto it = cache_.begin(); it != cache_.end(); ) {
-        if (it->first >= row) it = cache_.erase(it); else ++it;
-    }
-    if (!state_cache_.empty()) {
-        for (auto it = state_cache_.begin(); it != state_cache_.end(); ) {
-            if (it->first >= row) it = state_cache_.erase(it); else ++it;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void HighlighterEngine::ensure_worker_started() const
-{
-    if (worker_running_.load()) return;
-    worker_running_.store(true);
-    worker_ = std::thread([this]() { this->worker_loop(); });
-}
-
-void HighlighterEngine::worker_loop() const
-{
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
-    while (worker_running_.load()) {
-        cv_.wait(lock, [this]() { return has_request_ || !worker_running_.load(); });
-        if (!worker_running_.load()) break;
-        WarmRequest req = pending_;
-        has_request_ = false;
-        // Copy locals then release lock while computing
-        lock.unlock();
-        if (req.buf) {
-            int start = std::max(0, req.start_row);
-            int end = std::max(start, req.end_row);
-            for (int r = start; r <= end; ++r) {
-                // Re-check version staleness quickly by peeking cache version; not strictly necessary
-                // Compute line; GetLine is thread-safe
-                (void)this->GetLine(*req.buf, r, req.version);
-            }
-        }
-        lock.lock();
-    }
-}
-
-void HighlighterEngine::PrefetchViewport(const Buffer &buf, int first_row, int row_count, std::uint64_t buf_version, int warm_margin) const
-{
-    if (row_count <= 0) return;
-    // Synchronously compute visible rows to ensure cache hits during draw
-    int start = std::max(0, first_row);
-    int end = start + row_count - 1;
-    int max_rows = static_cast<int>(buf.Nrows());
-    if (start >= max_rows) return;
-    if (end >= max_rows) end = max_rows - 1;
-
-    for (int r = start; r <= end; ++r) {
-        (void)GetLine(buf, r, buf_version);
-    }
-
-    // Enqueue background warm-around
-    int warm_start = std::max(0, start - warm_margin);
-    int warm_end = std::min(max_rows - 1, end + warm_margin);
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
-        pending_.buf = &buf;
-        pending_.version = buf_version;
-        pending_.start_row = warm_start;
-        pending_.end_row = warm_end;
-        has_request_ = true;
-    }
-    ensure_worker_started();
-    cv_.notify_one();
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

HighlighterEngine.h

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-// HighlighterEngine.h - caching layer for per-line highlights
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <memory>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <thread>
-
-#include "Highlight.h"
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-
-class Buffer;
-
-namespace kte {
-
-class HighlighterEngine {
-public:
-    HighlighterEngine();
-    ~HighlighterEngine();
-
-    void SetHighlighter(std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> hl);
-
-    // Retrieve highlights for a given line and buffer version.
-    // If cache is stale, recompute using the current highlighter.
-    const LineHighlight &GetLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::uint64_t buf_version) const;
-
-    // Invalidate cached lines from row (inclusive)
-    void InvalidateFrom(int row);
-
-    bool HasHighlighter() const { return static_cast<bool>(hl_); }
-
-    // Phase 3: viewport-first prefetch and background warming
-    // Compute only the visible range now, and enqueue a background warm-around task.
-    // warm_margin: how many extra lines above/below to warm in the background.
-    void PrefetchViewport(const Buffer &buf, int first_row, int row_count, std::uint64_t buf_version, int warm_margin = 200) const;
-
-private:
-    std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> hl_;
-    // Simple cache by row index (mutable to allow caching in const GetLine)
-    mutable std::unordered_map<int, LineHighlight> cache_;
-    // For stateful highlighters, remember per-line state (state after finishing that row)
-    struct StateEntry {
-        std::uint64_t version{0};
-        // Using the interface type; forward-declare via header
-        StatefulHighlighter::LineState state;
-    };
-    mutable std::unordered_map<int, StateEntry> state_cache_;
-
-    // Track best known contiguous state row for a given version to avoid O(n) scans
-    mutable std::unordered_map<std::uint64_t, int> state_last_contig_;
-
-    // Thread-safety for caches and background worker state
-    mutable std::mutex mtx_;
-
-    // Background warmer
-    struct WarmRequest {
-        const Buffer *buf{nullptr};
-        std::uint64_t version{0};
-        int start_row{0};
-        int end_row{0}; // inclusive
-    };
-    mutable std::condition_variable cv_;
-    mutable std::thread worker_;
-    mutable std::atomic<bool> worker_running_{false};
-    mutable bool has_request_{false};
-    mutable WarmRequest pending_{};
-
-    void ensure_worker_started() const;
-    void worker_loop() const;
-};
-
-} // namespace kte

HighlighterRegistry.cc

@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-#include "HighlighterRegistry.h"
-#include "CppHighlighter.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <filesystem>
-#include <vector>
-#include <cctype>
-
-// Forward declare simple highlighters implemented in this project
-namespace kte {
-
-// Registration storage
-struct RegEntry {
-    std::string ft; // normalized
-    HighlighterRegistry::Factory factory;
-};
-
-static std::vector<RegEntry> &registry() {
-    static std::vector<RegEntry> reg;
-    return reg;
-}
-class JSONHighlighter; class MarkdownHighlighter; class ShellHighlighter;
-class GoHighlighter; class PythonHighlighter; class RustHighlighter; class LispHighlighter;
-}
-
-// Headers for the above
-#include "JsonHighlighter.h"
-#include "MarkdownHighlighter.h"
-#include "ShellHighlighter.h"
-#include "GoHighlighter.h"
-#include "PythonHighlighter.h"
-#include "RustHighlighter.h"
-#include "LispHighlighter.h"
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static std::string to_lower(std::string_view s) {
-    std::string r(s);
-    std::transform(r.begin(), r.end(), r.begin(), [](unsigned char c){ return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c)); });
-    return r;
-}
-
-std::string HighlighterRegistry::Normalize(std::string_view ft)
-{
-    std::string f = to_lower(ft);
-    if (f == "c" || f == "c++" || f == "cc" || f == "hpp" || f == "hh" || f == "h" || f == "cxx") return "cpp";
-    if (f == "cpp") return "cpp";
-    if (f == "json") return "json";
-    if (f == "markdown" || f == "md" || f == "mkd" || f == "mdown") return "markdown";
-    if (f == "shell" || f == "sh" || f == "bash" || f == "zsh" || f == "ksh" || f == "fish") return "shell";
-    if (f == "go" || f == "golang") return "go";
-    if (f == "py" || f == "python") return "python";
-    if (f == "rs" || f == "rust") return "rust";
-    if (f == "lisp" || f == "scheme" || f == "scm" || f == "rkt" || f == "el" || f == "clj" || f == "cljc" || f == "cl") return "lisp";
-    return f;
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(std::string_view filetype)
-{
-    std::string ft = Normalize(filetype);
-    // Prefer externally registered factories
-    for (const auto &e : registry()) {
-        if (e.ft == ft && e.factory) return e.factory();
-    }
-    if (ft == "cpp") return std::make_unique<CppHighlighter>();
-    if (ft == "json") return std::make_unique<JSONHighlighter>();
-    if (ft == "markdown") return std::make_unique<MarkdownHighlighter>();
-    if (ft == "shell") return std::make_unique<ShellHighlighter>();
-    if (ft == "go") return std::make_unique<GoHighlighter>();
-    if (ft == "python") return std::make_unique<PythonHighlighter>();
-    if (ft == "rust") return std::make_unique<RustHighlighter>();
-    if (ft == "lisp") return std::make_unique<LispHighlighter>();
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-static std::string shebang_to_ft(std::string_view first_line) {
-    if (first_line.size() < 2 || first_line.substr(0,2) != "#!") return "";
-    std::string low = to_lower(first_line);
-    if (low.find("python") != std::string::npos) return "python";
-    if (low.find("bash") != std::string::npos) return "shell";
-    if (low.find("sh") != std::string::npos) return "shell";
-    if (low.find("zsh") != std::string::npos) return "shell";
-    if (low.find("fish") != std::string::npos) return "shell";
-    if (low.find("scheme") != std::string::npos || low.find("racket") != std::string::npos || low.find("guile") != std::string::npos) return "lisp";
-    return "";
-}
-
-std::string HighlighterRegistry::DetectForPath(std::string_view path, std::string_view first_line)
-{
-    // Extension
-    std::string p(path);
-    std::error_code ec;
-    std::string ext = std::filesystem::path(p).extension().string();
-    for (auto &ch: ext) ch = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
-    if (!ext.empty()) {
-        if (ext == ".c" || ext == ".cc" || ext == ".cpp" || ext == ".cxx" || ext == ".h" || ext == ".hpp" || ext == ".hh") return "cpp";
-        if (ext == ".json") return "json";
-        if (ext == ".md" || ext == ".markdown" || ext == ".mkd") return "markdown";
-        if (ext == ".sh" || ext == ".bash" || ext == ".zsh" || ext == ".ksh" || ext == ".fish") return "shell";
-        if (ext == ".go") return "go";
-        if (ext == ".py") return "python";
-        if (ext == ".rs") return "rust";
-        if (ext == ".lisp" || ext == ".scm" || ext == ".rkt" || ext == ".el" || ext == ".clj" || ext == ".cljc" || ext == ".cl") return "lisp";
-    }
-    // Shebang
-    std::string ft = shebang_to_ft(first_line);
-    return ft;
-}
-
-} // namespace kte
-
-// Extensibility API implementations
-namespace kte {
-
-void HighlighterRegistry::Register(std::string_view filetype, Factory factory, bool override_existing)
-{
-    std::string ft = Normalize(filetype);
-    for (auto &e : registry()) {
-        if (e.ft == ft) {
-            if (override_existing) e.factory = std::move(factory);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    registry().push_back(RegEntry{ft, std::move(factory)});
-}
-
-bool HighlighterRegistry::IsRegistered(std::string_view filetype)
-{
-    std::string ft = Normalize(filetype);
-    for (const auto &e : registry()) if (e.ft == ft) return true;
-    return false;
-}
-
-std::vector<std::string> HighlighterRegistry::RegisteredFiletypes()
-{
-    std::vector<std::string> out;
-    out.reserve(registry().size());
-    for (const auto &e : registry()) out.push_back(e.ft);
-    return out;
-}
-
-#ifdef KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER
-// Forward declare adapter factory
-std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> CreateTreeSitterHighlighter(const char* filetype,
-                                                                 const void* (*get_lang)());
-
-void HighlighterRegistry::RegisterTreeSitter(std::string_view filetype,
-                                             const TSLanguage* (*get_language)())
-{
-    std::string ft = Normalize(filetype);
-    Register(ft, [ft, get_language]() {
-        return CreateTreeSitterHighlighter(ft.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<const void* (*)()>(get_language));
-    }, /*override_existing=*/true);
-}
-#endif
-
-} // namespace kte

HighlighterRegistry.h

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-// HighlighterRegistry.h - create/detect language highlighters and allow external registration
-#pragma once
-
-#include <functional>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <string_view>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-
-namespace kte {
-
-class HighlighterRegistry {
-public:
-    using Factory = std::function<std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter>()>;
-
-    // Create a highlighter for normalized filetype id (e.g., "cpp", "json", "markdown", "shell", "go", "python", "rust", "lisp").
-    static std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> CreateFor(std::string_view filetype);
-
-    // Detect filetype by path extension and shebang (first line).
-    // Returns normalized id or empty string if unknown.
-    static std::string DetectForPath(std::string_view path, std::string_view first_line);
-
-    // Normalize various aliases/extensions to canonical ids.
-    static std::string Normalize(std::string_view ft);
-
-    // Extensibility: allow external code to register highlighters at runtime.
-    // The filetype key is normalized via Normalize(). If a factory is already registered for the
-    // normalized key and override=false, the existing factory is kept.
-    static void Register(std::string_view filetype, Factory factory, bool override_existing = true);
-
-    // Returns true if a factory is registered for the (normalized) filetype.
-    static bool IsRegistered(std::string_view filetype);
-
-    // Return a list of currently registered (normalized) filetypes. Primarily for diagnostics/tests.
-    static std::vector<std::string> RegisteredFiletypes();
-
-#ifdef KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER
-    // Forward declaration to avoid hard dependency when disabled.
-    struct TSLanguage;
-    // Convenience: register a Tree-sitter-backed highlighter for a filetype.
-    // The getter should return a non-null language pointer for the grammar.
-    static void RegisterTreeSitter(std::string_view filetype,
-                                   const TSLanguage* (*get_language)());
-#endif
-};
-
-} // namespace kte

JsonHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-#include "JsonHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <cctype>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static bool is_digit(char c) { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; }
-
-void JSONHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-    auto push = [&](int a, int b, TokenKind k){ if (b> a) out.push_back({a,b,k}); };
-
-    int i = 0;
-    while (i < n) {
-        char c = s[i];
-        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (s[j]==' '||s[j]=='\t')) ++j; push(i,j,TokenKind::Whitespace); i=j; continue; }
-        if (c == '"') {
-            int j = i+1; bool esc=false; while (j < n) { char d = s[j++]; if (esc) { esc=false; continue; } if (d == '\\') { esc=true; continue; } if (d == '"') break; }
-            push(i, j, TokenKind::String); i = j; continue;
-        }
-        if (is_digit(c) || (c=='-' && i+1<n && is_digit(s[i+1]))) {
-            int j=i+1; while (j<n && (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j]))||s[j]=='.'||s[j]=='e'||s[j]=='E'||s[j]=='+'||s[j]=='-'||s[j]=='_')) ++j; push(i,j,TokenKind::Number); i=j; continue;
-        }
-        // booleans/null
-        if (std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
-            int j=i+1; while (j<n && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j]))) ++j;
-            std::string id = s.substr(i, j-i);
-            if (id == "true" || id == "false" || id == "null") push(i,j,TokenKind::Constant); else push(i,j,TokenKind::Identifier);
-            i=j; continue;
-        }
-        // punctuation
-        if (c=='{'||c=='}'||c=='['||c==']'||c==','||c==':' ) { push(i,i+1,TokenKind::Punctuation); ++i; continue; }
-        // fallback
-        push(i,i+1,TokenKind::Default); ++i;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

LanguageHighlighter.h

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-// LanguageHighlighter.h - interface for line-based highlighters
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-
-#include "Highlight.h"
-
-class Buffer;
-
-namespace kte {
-
-class LanguageHighlighter {
-public:
-    virtual ~LanguageHighlighter() = default;
-    // Produce highlight spans for a given buffer row. Implementations should append to out.
-    virtual void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const = 0;
-    virtual bool Stateful() const { return false; }
-};
-
-// Optional extension for stateful highlighters (e.g., multi-line comments/strings).
-// Engines may detect and use this via dynamic_cast without breaking stateless impls.
-class StatefulHighlighter : public LanguageHighlighter {
-public:
-    struct LineState {
-        bool in_block_comment{false};
-        bool in_raw_string{false};
-        // For raw strings, remember the delimiter between the opening R"delim( and closing )delim"
-        std::string raw_delim;
-    };
-
-    // Highlight one line given the previous line state; return the resulting state after this line.
-    // Implementations should append spans for this line to out and compute the next state.
-    virtual LineState HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf,
-                                            int row,
-                                            const LineState &prev,
-                                            std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const = 0;
-
-    bool Stateful() const override { return true; }
-};
-
-} // namespace kte

LispHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#include "LispHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <cctype>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static void push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k){ if (b>a) out.push_back({a,b,k}); }
-
-LispHighlighter::LispHighlighter()
-{
-    const char* kw[] = {"defun","lambda","let","let*","define","set!","if","cond","begin","quote","quasiquote","unquote","unquote-splicing","loop","do","and","or","not"};
-    for (auto s: kw) kws_.insert(s);
-}
-
-void LispHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-    int i = 0;
-    int bol = 0; while (bol<n && (s[bol]==' '||s[bol]=='\t')) ++bol;
-    if (bol < n && s[bol] == ';') { push(out, bol, n, TokenKind::Comment); if (bol>0) push(out,0,bol,TokenKind::Whitespace); return; }
-    while (i < n) {
-        char c = s[i];
-        if (c==' '||c=='\t') { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (s[j]==' '||s[j]=='\t')) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Whitespace); i=j; continue; }
-        if (c==';') { push(out,i,n,TokenKind::Comment); break; }
-        if (c=='"') { int j=i+1; bool esc=false; while (j<n){ char d=s[j++]; if (esc){esc=false; continue;} if (d=='\\'){esc=true; continue;} if (d=='"') break; } push(out,i,j,TokenKind::String); i=j; continue; }
-        if (std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c=='*' || c=='-' || c=='+' || c=='/' || c=='_' ) {
-            int j=i+1; while (j<n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j]=='*' || s[j]=='-' || s[j]=='+' || s[j]=='/' || s[j]=='_' || s[j]=='!')) ++j;
-            std::string id=s.substr(i,j-i);
-            TokenKind k = kws_.count(id) ? TokenKind::Keyword : TokenKind::Identifier;
-            push(out,i,j,k); i=j; continue;
-        }
-        if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j]))||s[j]=='.')) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Number); i=j; continue; }
-        if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) { TokenKind k=TokenKind::Punctuation; push(out,i,i+1,k); ++i; continue; }
-        push(out,i,i+1,TokenKind::Default); ++i;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

MarkdownHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-#include "MarkdownHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <cctype>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static void push_span(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k) {
-    if (b > a) out.push_back({a,b,k});
-}
-
-void MarkdownHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    LineState st; // not used in stateless entry
-    (void)HighlightLineStateful(buf, row, st, out);
-}
-
-StatefulHighlighter::LineState MarkdownHighlighter::HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf, int row, const LineState &prev, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    StatefulHighlighter::LineState state = prev;
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return state;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-
-    // Reuse in_block_comment flag as "in fenced code" state.
-    if (state.in_block_comment) {
-        // If line contains closing fence ``` then close after it
-        auto pos = s.find("```");
-        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
-            push_span(out, 0, n, TokenKind::String);
-            state.in_block_comment = true;
-            return state;
-        } else {
-            int end = static_cast<int>(pos + 3);
-            push_span(out, 0, end, TokenKind::String);
-            // rest of line processed normally after fence
-            int i = end;
-            // whitespace
-            if (i < n) push_span(out, i, n, TokenKind::Default);
-            state.in_block_comment = false;
-            return state;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Detect fenced code block start at beginning (allow leading spaces)
-    int bol = 0; while (bol < n && (s[bol]==' '||s[bol]=='\t')) ++bol;
-    if (bol + 3 <= n && s.compare(bol, 3, "```") == 0) {
-        push_span(out, bol, n, TokenKind::String);
-        state.in_block_comment = true; // enter fenced mode
-        return state;
-    }
-
-    // Headings: lines starting with 1-6 '#'
-    if (bol < n && s[bol] == '#') {
-        int j = bol; while (j < n && s[j] == '#') ++j; // hashes
-        // include following space and text as Keyword to stand out
-        push_span(out, bol, n, TokenKind::Keyword);
-        return state;
-    }
-
-    // Process inline: emphasis and code spans
-    int i = 0;
-    while (i < n) {
-        char c = s[i];
-        if (c == '`') {
-            int j = i + 1; while (j < n && s[j] != '`') ++j; if (j < n) ++j;
-            push_span(out, i, j, TokenKind::String); i = j; continue;
-        }
-        if (c == '*' || c == '_') {
-            // bold/italic markers: treat the marker and until next same marker as Type to highlight
-            char m = c; int j = i + 1; while (j < n && s[j] != m) ++j; if (j < n) ++j;
-            push_span(out, i, j, TokenKind::Type); i = j; continue;
-        }
-        // links []() minimal: treat [text](url) as Function
-        if (c == '[') {
-            int j = i + 1; while (j < n && s[j] != ']') ++j; if (j < n) ++j; // include ]
-            if (j < n && s[j] == '(') { while (j < n && s[j] != ')') ++j; if (j < n) ++j; }
-            push_span(out, i, j, TokenKind::Function); i = j; continue;
-        }
-        // whitespace
-        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (s[j]==' '||s[j]=='\t')) ++j; push_span(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace); i=j; continue; }
-        // fallback: default single char
-        push_span(out, i, i+1, TokenKind::Default); ++i;
-    }
-    return state;
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

MarkdownHighlighter.h

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-// MarkdownHighlighter.h - simple Markdown highlighter
-#pragma once
-
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-
-namespace kte {
-
-class MarkdownHighlighter final : public StatefulHighlighter {
-public:
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-    LineState HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf, int row, const LineState &prev, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-};
-
-} // namespace kte

NullHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#include "NullHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-
-namespace kte {
-
-void NullHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-    if (n <= 0) return;
-    out.push_back({0, n, TokenKind::Default});
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

PythonHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-#include "PythonHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <cctype>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static void push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k){ if (b>a) out.push_back({a,b,k}); }
-static bool is_ident_start(char c){ return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c=='_'; }
-static bool is_ident_char(char c){ return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c=='_'; }
-
-PythonHighlighter::PythonHighlighter()
-{
-    const char* kw[] = {"and","as","assert","break","class","continue","def","del","elif","else","except","False","finally","for","from","global","if","import","in","is","lambda","None","nonlocal","not","or","pass","raise","return","True","try","while","with","yield"};
-    for (auto s: kw) kws_.insert(s);
-}
-
-void PythonHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    LineState st; (void)HighlightLineStateful(buf, row, st, out);
-}
-
-StatefulHighlighter::LineState PythonHighlighter::HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf, int row, const LineState &prev, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    StatefulHighlighter::LineState state = prev;
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return state;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-
-    // Triple-quoted string continuation uses in_raw_string with raw_delim either "'''" or "\"\"\""
-    if (state.in_raw_string && (state.raw_delim == "'''" || state.raw_delim == "\"\"\"")) {
-        auto pos = s.find(state.raw_delim);
-        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
-            push(out, 0, n, TokenKind::String);
-            return state; // still inside
-        } else {
-            int end = static_cast<int>(pos + static_cast<int>(state.raw_delim.size()));
-            push(out, 0, end, TokenKind::String);
-            // remainder processed normally
-            s = s.substr(end);
-            n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-            state.in_raw_string = false; state.raw_delim.clear();
-            // Continue parsing remainder as a separate small loop
-            int base = end; // original offset, but we already emitted to 'out' with base=0; following spans should be from 'end'
-            // For simplicity, mark rest as Default
-            if (n>0) push(out, base, base + n, TokenKind::Default);
-            return state;
-        }
-    }
-
-    int i = 0;
-    // Detect comment start '#', ignoring inside strings
-    while (i < n) {
-        char c = s[i];
-        if (c==' '||c=='\t') { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (s[j]==' '||s[j]=='\t')) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Whitespace); i=j; continue; }
-        if (c=='#') { push(out,i,n,TokenKind::Comment); break; }
-        // Strings: triple quotes and single-line
-        if (c=='"' || c=='\'') {
-            char q=c;
-            // triple?
-            if (i+2 < n && s[i+1]==q && s[i+2]==q) {
-                std::string delim(3, q);
-                int j = i+3; // search for closing triple
-                auto pos = s.find(delim, static_cast<std::size_t>(j));
-                if (pos == std::string::npos) {
-                    push(out,i,n,TokenKind::String);
-                    state.in_raw_string = true; state.raw_delim = delim; return state;
-                } else {
-                    int end = static_cast<int>(pos + 3);
-                    push(out,i,end,TokenKind::String); i=end; continue;
-                }
-            } else {
-                int j=i+1; bool esc=false; while (j<n) { char d=s[j++]; if (esc){esc=false; continue;} if (d=='\\'){esc=true; continue;} if (d==q) break; }
-                push(out,i,j,TokenKind::String); i=j; continue;
-            }
-        }
-        if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j]))||s[j]=='.'||s[j]=='_' )) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Number); i=j; continue; }
-        if (is_ident_start(c)) { int j=i+1; while (j<n && is_ident_char(s[j])) ++j; std::string id=s.substr(i,j-i); TokenKind k=TokenKind::Identifier; if (kws_.count(id)) k=TokenKind::Keyword; push(out,i,j,k); i=j; continue; }
-        if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) { TokenKind k=TokenKind::Operator; if (c==':'||c==','||c=='('||c==')'||c=='['||c==']') k=TokenKind::Punctuation; push(out,i,i+1,k); ++i; continue; }
-        push(out,i,i+1,TokenKind::Default); ++i;
-    }
-    return state;
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

PythonHighlighter.h

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-// PythonHighlighter.h - simple Python highlighter with triple-quote state
-#pragma once
-
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-#include <unordered_set>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-class PythonHighlighter final : public StatefulHighlighter {
-public:
-    PythonHighlighter();
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-    LineState HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf, int row, const LineState &prev, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-private:
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
-};
-
-} // namespace kte

ROADMAP.md

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ ROADMAP / TODO:
 
 - [x] Search + Replace
 - [x] Regex search + replace
-- [ ] The undo system should actually work
 - [x] Able to mark buffers as read-only
 - [x] Built-in help text
 - [x] Shorten paths in the homedir with ~
 - [x] When the filename is longer than the message window, scoot left to
   keep it in view
+- [x] Syntax highlighting
+- [ ] The undo system should actually work
+- [ ] LSP integration

RustHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#include "RustHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <cctype>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static void push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k){ if (b>a) out.push_back({a,b,k}); }
-static bool is_ident_start(char c){ return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c=='_'; }
-static bool is_ident_char(char c){ return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c=='_'; }
-
-RustHighlighter::RustHighlighter()
-{
-    const char* kw[] = {"as","break","const","continue","crate","else","enum","extern","false","fn","for","if","impl","in","let","loop","match","mod","move","mut","pub","ref","return","self","Self","static","struct","super","trait","true","type","unsafe","use","where","while","dyn","async","await","try"};
-    for (auto s: kw) kws_.insert(s);
-    const char* tp[] = {"u8","u16","u32","u64","u128","usize","i8","i16","i32","i64","i128","isize","f32","f64","bool","char","str"};
-    for (auto s: tp) types_.insert(s);
-}
-
-void RustHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-    int i = 0;
-    while (i < n) {
-        char c = s[i];
-        if (c==' '||c=='\t') { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (s[j]==' '||s[j]=='\t')) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Whitespace); i=j; continue; }
-        if (c=='/' && i+1<n && s[i+1]=='/') { push(out,i,n,TokenKind::Comment); break; }
-        if (c=='/' && i+1<n && s[i+1]=='*') { int j=i+2; bool closed=false; while (j+1<=n) { if (j+1<n && s[j]=='*' && s[j+1]=='/') { j+=2; closed=true; break; } ++j; } if (!closed) { push(out,i,n,TokenKind::Comment); break; } else { push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Comment); i=j; continue; } }
-        if (c=='"') { int j=i+1; bool esc=false; while (j<n){ char d=s[j++]; if (esc){esc=false; continue;} if (d=='\\'){esc=true; continue;} if (d=='"') break; } push(out,i,j,TokenKind::String); i=j; continue; }
-        if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j]))||s[j]=='.'||s[j]=='_' )) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Number); i=j; continue; }
-        if (is_ident_start(c)) { int j=i+1; while (j<n && is_ident_char(s[j])) ++j; std::string id=s.substr(i,j-i); TokenKind k=TokenKind::Identifier; if (kws_.count(id)) k=TokenKind::Keyword; else if (types_.count(id)) k=TokenKind::Type; push(out,i,j,k); i=j; continue; }
-        if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) { TokenKind k=TokenKind::Operator; if (c==';'||c==','||c=='('||c==')'||c=='{'||c=='}'||c=='['||c==']') k=TokenKind::Punctuation; push(out,i,i+1,k); ++i; continue; }
-        push(out,i,i+1,TokenKind::Default); ++i;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

RustHighlighter.h

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-// RustHighlighter.h - simple Rust highlighter
-#pragma once
-
-#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
-#include <unordered_set>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-class RustHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
-public:
-    RustHighlighter();
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-private:
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> types_;
-};
-
-} // namespace kte

ShellHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-#include "ShellHighlighter.h"
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <cctype>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-static void push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k){ if (b>a) out.push_back({a,b,k}); }
-
-void ShellHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
-{
-    const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
-    if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size()) return;
-    std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
-    int n = static_cast<int>(s.size());
-    int i = 0;
-    // if first non-space is '#', whole line is comment
-    int bol = 0; while (bol < n && (s[bol]==' '||s[bol]=='\t')) ++bol;
-    if (bol < n && s[bol] == '#') { push(out, bol, n, TokenKind::Comment); if (bol>0) push(out,0,bol,TokenKind::Whitespace); return; }
-    while (i < n) {
-        char c = s[i];
-        if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') { int j=i+1; while (j<n && (s[j]==' '||s[j]=='\t')) ++j; push(out,i,j,TokenKind::Whitespace); i=j; continue; }
-        if (c == '#') { push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment); break; }
-        if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
-            char q = c; int j = i+1; bool esc=false; while (j<n) { char d=s[j++]; if (q=='"') { if (esc) {esc=false; continue;} if (d=='\\'){esc=true; continue;} if (d=='"') break; } else { if (d=='\'') break; } }
-            push(out,i,j,TokenKind::String); i=j; continue;
-        }
-        // simple keywords
-        if (std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
-            int j=i+1; while (j<n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j]))||s[j]=='_')) ++j; std::string id=s.substr(i,j-i);
-            static const char* kws[] = {"if","then","fi","for","in","do","done","case","esac","while","function","elif","else"};
-            bool kw=false; for (auto k: kws) if (id==k) { kw=true; break; }
-            push(out,i,j, kw?TokenKind::Keyword:TokenKind::Identifier); i=j; continue;
-        }
-        if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
-            TokenKind k = TokenKind::Operator;
-            if (c=='('||c==')'||c=='{'||c=='}'||c==','||c==';') k=TokenKind::Punctuation;
-            push(out,i,i+1,k); ++i; continue;
-        }
-        push(out,i,i+1,TokenKind::Default); ++i;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace kte

TerminalInputHandler.cc

@@ -35,16 +35,16 @@ map_key_to_command(const int ch,
 	case KEY_MOUSE: {
 		MEVENT ev{};
 		if (getmouse(&ev) == OK) {
-			// Mouse wheel → map to MoveUp/MoveDown one line per wheel notch
+			// Mouse wheel → scroll viewport without moving cursor
 #ifdef BUTTON4_PRESSED
 			if (ev.bstate & (BUTTON4_PRESSED | BUTTON4_RELEASED | BUTTON4_CLICKED)) {
-				out = {true, CommandId::MoveUp, "", 0};
+				out = {true, CommandId::ScrollUp, "", 0};
 				return true;
 			}
 #endif
 #ifdef BUTTON5_PRESSED
 			if (ev.bstate & (BUTTON5_PRESSED | BUTTON5_RELEASED | BUTTON5_CLICKED)) {
-				out = {true, CommandId::MoveDown, "", 0};
+				out = {true, CommandId::ScrollDown, "", 0};
 				return true;
 			}
 #endif
@@ -320,4 +320,4 @@ TerminalInputHandler::Poll(MappedInput &out)
 {
 	out = {};
 	return decode_(out) && out.hasCommand;
-}
+}

TerminalRenderer.cc

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ TerminalRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 
 	const Buffer *buf = ed.CurrentBuffer();
 	int content_rows  = rows - 1; // last line is status
+	if (content_rows < 1)
+		content_rows = 1;
 
 	int saved_cur_y = -1, saved_cur_x = -1; // logical cursor position within content area
 	if (buf) {
@@ -42,18 +44,18 @@ TerminalRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 		std::size_t coloffs = buf->Coloffs();
 
 		const int tabw = 8;
-  // Phase 3: prefetch visible viewport highlights (current terminal area)
-        if (buf->SyntaxEnabled() && buf->Highlighter() && buf->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
-            int fr = static_cast<int>(rowoffs);
-            int rc = std::max(0, content_rows);
-            buf->Highlighter()->PrefetchViewport(*buf, fr, rc, buf->Version());
-        }
+		// Phase 3: prefetch visible viewport highlights (current terminal area)
+		if (buf->SyntaxEnabled() && buf->Highlighter() && buf->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
+			int fr = static_cast<int>(rowoffs);
+			int rc = std::max(0, content_rows);
+			buf->Highlighter()->PrefetchViewport(*buf, fr, rc, buf->Version());
+		}
 
-        for (int r = 0; r < content_rows; ++r) {
-            move(r, 0);
-            std::size_t li         = rowoffs + static_cast<std::size_t>(r);
-            std::size_t render_col = 0;
-            std::size_t src_i      = 0;
+		for (int r = 0; r < content_rows; ++r) {
+			move(r, 0);
+			std::size_t li         = rowoffs + static_cast<std::size_t>(r);
+			std::size_t render_col = 0;
+			std::size_t src_i      = 0;
 			// Compute matches for this line if search highlighting is active
 			bool search_mode = ed.SearchActive() && !ed.SearchQuery().empty();
 			std::vector<std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t> > ranges; // [start, end)
@@ -105,49 +107,53 @@ TerminalRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 			bool hl_on                 = false;
 			bool cur_on                = false;
 			int written                = 0;
-   if (li < lines.size()) {
-                std::string line = static_cast<std::string>(lines[li]);
-                src_i            = 0;
-                render_col       = 0;
-                // Syntax highlighting: fetch per-line spans
-                const kte::LineHighlight *lh_ptr = nullptr;
-                if (buf->SyntaxEnabled() && buf->Highlighter() && buf->Highlighter()->HasHighlighter()) {
-                    lh_ptr = &buf->Highlighter()->GetLine(*buf, static_cast<int>(li), buf->Version());
-                }
-                auto token_at = [&](std::size_t src_index) -> kte::TokenKind {
-                    if (!lh_ptr) return kte::TokenKind::Default;
-                    for (const auto &sp: lh_ptr->spans) {
-                        if (static_cast<int>(src_index) >= sp.col_start && static_cast<int>(src_index) < sp.col_end)
-                            return sp.kind;
-                    }
-                    return kte::TokenKind::Default;
-                };
-                auto apply_token_attr = [&](kte::TokenKind k) {
-                    // Map to simple attributes; search highlight uses A_STANDOUT which takes precedence below
-                    attrset(A_NORMAL);
-                    switch (k) {
-                        case kte::TokenKind::Keyword:
-                        case kte::TokenKind::Type:
-                        case kte::TokenKind::Constant:
-                        case kte::TokenKind::Function:
-                            attron(A_BOLD);
-                            break;
-                        case kte::TokenKind::Comment:
-                            attron(A_DIM);
-                            break;
-                        case kte::TokenKind::String:
-                        case kte::TokenKind::Char:
-                        case kte::TokenKind::Number:
-                            // standout a bit using A_UNDERLINE if available
-                            attron(A_UNDERLINE);
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            break;
-                    }
-                };
-                while (written < cols) {
-                    char ch       = ' ';
-                    bool from_src = false;
+			if (li < lines.size()) {
+				std::string line = static_cast<std::string>(lines[li]);
+				src_i            = 0;
+				render_col       = 0;
+				// Syntax highlighting: fetch per-line spans
+				const kte::LineHighlight *lh_ptr = nullptr;
+				if (buf->SyntaxEnabled() && buf->Highlighter() && buf->Highlighter()->
+				    HasHighlighter()) {
+					lh_ptr = &buf->Highlighter()->GetLine(
+						*buf, static_cast<int>(li), buf->Version());
+				}
+				auto token_at = [&](std::size_t src_index) -> kte::TokenKind {
+					if (!lh_ptr)
+						return kte::TokenKind::Default;
+					for (const auto &sp: lh_ptr->spans) {
+						if (static_cast<int>(src_index) >= sp.col_start && static_cast<int>(
+							    src_index) < sp.col_end)
+							return sp.kind;
+					}
+					return kte::TokenKind::Default;
+				};
+				auto apply_token_attr = [&](kte::TokenKind k) {
+					// Map to simple attributes; search highlight uses A_STANDOUT which takes precedence below
+					attrset(A_NORMAL);
+					switch (k) {
+					case kte::TokenKind::Keyword:
+					case kte::TokenKind::Type:
+					case kte::TokenKind::Constant:
+					case kte::TokenKind::Function:
+						attron(A_BOLD);
+						break;
+					case kte::TokenKind::Comment:
+						attron(A_DIM);
+						break;
+					case kte::TokenKind::String:
+					case kte::TokenKind::Char:
+					case kte::TokenKind::Number:
+						// standout a bit using A_UNDERLINE if available
+						attron(A_UNDERLINE);
+						break;
+					default:
+						break;
+					}
+				};
+				while (written < cols) {
+					char ch       = ' ';
+					bool from_src = false;
 					if (src_i < line.size()) {
 						unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(line[src_i]);
 						if (c == '\t') {
@@ -166,45 +172,45 @@ TerminalRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 								next_tab -= to_skip;
 							}
 							// Now render visible spaces
-       while (next_tab > 0 && written < cols) {
-                                bool in_hl  = search_mode && is_src_in_hl(src_i);
-                                bool in_cur =
-                                    has_current && li == cur_my && src_i >= cur_mx
-                                    && src_i < cur_mend;
-                                // Toggle highlight attributes
-                                int attr = 0;
-                                if (in_hl)
-                                    attr |= A_STANDOUT;
-                                if (in_cur)
-                                    attr |= A_BOLD;
-                                if ((attr & A_STANDOUT) && !hl_on) {
-                                    attron(A_STANDOUT);
-                                    hl_on = true;
-                                }
-                                if (!(attr & A_STANDOUT) && hl_on) {
-                                    attroff(A_STANDOUT);
-                                    hl_on = false;
-                                }
-                                if ((attr & A_BOLD) && !cur_on) {
-                                    attron(A_BOLD);
-                                    cur_on = true;
-                                }
-                                if (!(attr & A_BOLD) && cur_on) {
-                                    attroff(A_BOLD);
-                                    cur_on = false;
-                                }
-                                // Apply syntax attribute only if not in search highlight
-                                if (!in_hl) {
-                                    apply_token_attr(token_at(src_i));
-                                }
-                                addch(' ');
-                                ++written;
-                                ++render_col;
-                                --next_tab;
-                            }
-                            ++src_i;
-                            continue;
-                        } else {
+							while (next_tab > 0 && written < cols) {
+								bool in_hl  = search_mode && is_src_in_hl(src_i);
+								bool in_cur =
+									has_current && li == cur_my && src_i >= cur_mx
+									&& src_i < cur_mend;
+								// Toggle highlight attributes
+								int attr = 0;
+								if (in_hl)
+									attr |= A_STANDOUT;
+								if (in_cur)
+									attr |= A_BOLD;
+								if ((attr & A_STANDOUT) && !hl_on) {
+									attron(A_STANDOUT);
+									hl_on = true;
+								}
+								if (!(attr & A_STANDOUT) && hl_on) {
+									attroff(A_STANDOUT);
+									hl_on = false;
+								}
+								if ((attr & A_BOLD) && !cur_on) {
+									attron(A_BOLD);
+									cur_on = true;
+								}
+								if (!(attr & A_BOLD) && cur_on) {
+									attroff(A_BOLD);
+									cur_on = false;
+								}
+								// Apply syntax attribute only if not in search highlight
+								if (!in_hl) {
+									apply_token_attr(token_at(src_i));
+								}
+								addch(' ');
+								++written;
+								++render_col;
+								--next_tab;
+							}
+							++src_i;
+							continue;
+						} else {
 							// normal char
 							if (render_col < coloffs) {
 								++render_col;
@@ -219,49 +225,49 @@ TerminalRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 						ch       = ' ';
 						from_src = false;
 					}
-     bool in_hl  = search_mode && from_src && is_src_in_hl(src_i);
-     bool in_cur =
-         has_current && li == cur_my && from_src && src_i >= cur_mx && src_i <
-         cur_mend;
-     if (in_hl && !hl_on) {
-         attron(A_STANDOUT);
-         hl_on = true;
-     }
-     if (!in_hl && hl_on) {
-         attroff(A_STANDOUT);
-         hl_on = false;
-     }
-     if (in_cur && !cur_on) {
-         attron(A_BOLD);
-         cur_on = true;
-     }
-     if (!in_cur && cur_on) {
-         attroff(A_BOLD);
-         cur_on = false;
-     }
-     if (!in_hl && from_src) {
-         apply_token_attr(token_at(src_i));
-     }
-     addch(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch));
-     ++written;
-     ++render_col;
-     if (from_src)
-         ++src_i;
+					bool in_hl  = search_mode && from_src && is_src_in_hl(src_i);
+					bool in_cur =
+						has_current && li == cur_my && from_src && src_i >= cur_mx && src_i <
+						cur_mend;
+					if (in_hl && !hl_on) {
+						attron(A_STANDOUT);
+						hl_on = true;
+					}
+					if (!in_hl && hl_on) {
+						attroff(A_STANDOUT);
+						hl_on = false;
+					}
+					if (in_cur && !cur_on) {
+						attron(A_BOLD);
+						cur_on = true;
+					}
+					if (!in_cur && cur_on) {
+						attroff(A_BOLD);
+						cur_on = false;
+					}
+					if (!in_hl && from_src) {
+						apply_token_attr(token_at(src_i));
+					}
+					addch(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch));
+					++written;
+					++render_col;
+					if (from_src)
+						++src_i;
 					if (src_i >= line.size() && written >= cols)
 						break;
 				}
 			}
-            if (hl_on) {
-                attroff(A_STANDOUT);
-                hl_on = false;
-            }
-            if (cur_on) {
-                attroff(A_BOLD);
-                cur_on = false;
-            }
-            attrset(A_NORMAL);
-            clrtoeol();
-        }
+			if (hl_on) {
+				attroff(A_STANDOUT);
+				hl_on = false;
+			}
+			if (cur_on) {
+				attroff(A_BOLD);
+				cur_on = false;
+			}
+			attrset(A_NORMAL);
+			clrtoeol();
+		}
 
 		// Place terminal cursor at logical position accounting for tabs and coloffs
 		std::size_t cy = buf->Cury();
@@ -464,4 +470,4 @@ TerminalRenderer::Draw(Editor &ed)
 	}
 
 	refresh();
-}
+}

TreeSitterHighlighter.cc

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-#include "TreeSitterHighlighter.h"
-
-#ifdef KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER
-
-#include "Buffer.h"
-#include <utility>
-
-namespace kte {
-
-TreeSitterHighlighter::TreeSitterHighlighter(const TSLanguage* lang, std::string filetype)
-    : language_(lang), filetype_(std::move(filetype))
-{
-}
-
-TreeSitterHighlighter::~TreeSitterHighlighter()
-{
-    disposeParser();
-}
-
-void TreeSitterHighlighter::ensureParsed(const Buffer& /*buf*/) const
-{
-    // Intentionally a stub to avoid pulling the Tree-sitter API and library by default.
-    // In future, when linking against tree-sitter, initialize parser_, set language_,
-    // and build tree_ from the buffer contents.
-}
-
-void TreeSitterHighlighter::disposeParser() const
-{
-    // Stub; nothing to dispose when not actually creating parser/tree
-}
-
-void TreeSitterHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &/*buf*/, int /*row*/, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &/*out*/) const
-{
-    // For now, no-op. When tree-sitter is wired, map nodes to TokenKind spans per line.
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> CreateTreeSitterHighlighter(const char* filetype,
-                                                                 const void* (*get_lang)())
-{
-    const auto* lang = reinterpret_cast<const TSLanguage*>(get_lang ? get_lang() : nullptr);
-    return std::make_unique<TreeSitterHighlighter>(lang, filetype ? std::string(filetype) : std::string());
-}
-
-} // namespace kte
-
-#endif // KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER

syntax/CppHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+#include "CppHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static bool
+is_digit(char c)
+{
+	return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+}
+
+
+CppHighlighter::CppHighlighter()
+{
+	const char *kw[] = {
+		"if", "else", "for", "while", "do", "switch", "case", "default", "break", "continue",
+		"return", "goto", "struct", "class", "namespace", "using", "template", "typename",
+		"public", "private", "protected", "virtual", "override", "const", "constexpr", "auto",
+		"static", "inline", "operator", "new", "delete", "try", "catch", "throw", "friend",
+		"enum", "union", "extern", "volatile", "mutable", "noexcept", "sizeof", "this"
+	};
+	for (auto s: kw)
+		keywords_.insert(s);
+	const char *types[] = {
+		"int", "long", "short", "char", "signed", "unsigned", "float", "double", "void",
+		"bool", "wchar_t", "size_t", "ptrdiff_t", "uint8_t", "uint16_t", "uint32_t", "uint64_t",
+		"int8_t", "int16_t", "int32_t", "int64_t"
+	};
+	for (auto s: types)
+		types_.insert(s);
+}
+
+
+bool
+CppHighlighter::is_ident_start(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+bool
+CppHighlighter::is_ident_char(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+void
+CppHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	// Stateless entry simply delegates to stateful with a clean previous state
+	StatefulHighlighter::LineState prev;
+	(void) HighlightLineStateful(buf, row, prev, out);
+}
+
+
+StatefulHighlighter::LineState
+CppHighlighter::HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf,
+                                      int row,
+                                      const LineState &prev,
+                                      std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows                     = buf.Rows();
+	StatefulHighlighter::LineState state = prev;
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return state;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	if (s.empty())
+		return state;
+
+	auto push = [&](int a, int b, TokenKind k) {
+		if (b > a)
+			out.push_back({a, b, k});
+	};
+	int n   = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	int bol = 0;
+	while (bol < n && (s[bol] == ' ' || s[bol] == '\t'))
+		++bol;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	// Continue multi-line raw string from previous line
+	if (state.in_raw_string) {
+		std::string needle = ")" + state.raw_delim + "\"";
+		auto pos           = s.find(needle);
+		if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+			push(0, n, TokenKind::String);
+			state.in_raw_string = true;
+			return state;
+		} else {
+			int end = static_cast<int>(pos + needle.size());
+			push(0, end, TokenKind::String);
+			i                   = end;
+			state.in_raw_string = false;
+			state.raw_delim.clear();
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Continue multi-line block comment from previous line
+	if (state.in_block_comment) {
+		int j = i;
+		while (i + 1 < n) {
+			if (s[i] == '*' && s[i + 1] == '/') {
+				i += 2;
+				push(j, i, TokenKind::Comment);
+				state.in_block_comment = false;
+				break;
+			}
+			++i;
+		}
+		if (state.in_block_comment) {
+			push(j, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			return state;
+		}
+	}
+
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		// Preprocessor at beginning of line (after leading whitespace)
+		if (i == bol && c == '#') {
+			push(0, n, TokenKind::Preproc);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		// Whitespace
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Line comment
+		if (c == '/' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '/') {
+			push(i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		// Block comment
+		if (c == '/' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '*') {
+			int j       = i + 2;
+			bool closed = false;
+			while (j + 1 <= n) {
+				if (j + 1 < n && s[j] == '*' && s[j + 1] == '/') {
+					j += 2;
+					closed = true;
+					break;
+				}
+				++j;
+			}
+			if (closed) {
+				push(i, j, TokenKind::Comment);
+				i = j;
+				continue;
+			}
+			// Spill to next lines
+			push(i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			state.in_block_comment = true;
+			return state;
+		}
+
+		// Raw string start: very simple detection: R"delim(
+		if (c == 'R' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '"') {
+			int k = i + 2;
+			std::string delim;
+			while (k < n && s[k] != '(') {
+				delim.push_back(s[k]);
+				++k;
+			}
+			if (k < n && s[k] == '(') {
+				int body_start     = k + 1;
+				std::string needle = ")" + delim + "\"";
+				auto pos           = s.find(needle, static_cast<std::size_t>(body_start));
+				if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+					push(i, n, TokenKind::String);
+					state.in_raw_string = true;
+					state.raw_delim     = delim;
+					return state;
+				} else {
+					int end = static_cast<int>(pos + needle.size());
+					push(i, end, TokenKind::String);
+					i = end;
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+			// If malformed, just treat 'R' as identifier fallback
+		}
+
+		// Regular string literal
+		if (c == '"') {
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			while (j < n) {
+				char d = s[j++];
+				if (esc) {
+					esc = false;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '\\') {
+					esc = true;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '"')
+					break;
+			}
+			push(i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Char literal
+		if (c == '\'') {
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			while (j < n) {
+				char d = s[j++];
+				if (esc) {
+					esc = false;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '\\') {
+					esc = true;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '\'')
+					break;
+			}
+			push(i, j, TokenKind::Char);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Number literal (simple)
+		if (is_digit(c) || (c == '.' && i + 1 < n && is_digit(s[i + 1]))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '.' || s[j] == 'x' ||
+			                 s[j] == 'X' || s[j] == 'b' || s[j] == 'B' || s[j] == '_'))
+				++j;
+			push(i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Identifier / keyword / type
+		if (is_ident_start(c)) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && is_ident_char(s[j]))
+				++j;
+			std::string id = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			TokenKind k    = TokenKind::Identifier;
+			if (keywords_.count(id))
+				k = TokenKind::Keyword;
+			else if (types_.count(id))
+				k = TokenKind::Type;
+			push(i, j, k);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Operators and punctuation (single char for now)
+		TokenKind kind = TokenKind::Operator;
+		if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) && c != '_' && c != '#') {
+			if (c == ';' || c == ',' || c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '{' || c == '}' || c == '[' || c ==
+			    ']')
+				kind = TokenKind::Punctuation;
+			push(i, i + 1, kind);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Fallback
+		push(i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+
+	return state;
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/CppHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// CppHighlighter.h - minimal stateless C/C++ line highlighter
+#pragma once
+
+#include <regex>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+
+class Buffer;
+
+namespace kte {
+class CppHighlighter final : public StatefulHighlighter {
+public:
+	CppHighlighter();
+
+	~CppHighlighter() override = default;
+
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+	LineState HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf,
+	                                int row,
+	                                const LineState &prev,
+	                                std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> keywords_;
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> types_;
+
+	static bool is_ident_start(char c);
+
+	static bool is_ident_char(char c);
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/ErlangHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#include "ErlangHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_start(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_' || c == '\'';
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_char(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_' || c == '@' || c == ':' || c == '?';
+}
+
+
+ErlangHighlighter::ErlangHighlighter()
+{
+	const char *kw[] = {
+		"after", "begin", "case", "catch", "cond", "div", "end", "fun", "if", "let", "of",
+		"receive", "when", "try", "rem", "and", "andalso", "orelse", "not", "band", "bor", "bxor",
+		"bnot", "xor", "module", "export", "import", "record", "define", "undef", "include", "include_lib"
+	};
+	for (auto s: kw)
+		kws_.insert(s);
+}
+
+
+void
+ErlangHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	int i         = 0;
+
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// comment
+		if (c == '%') {
+			push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+		// strings
+		if (c == '"') {
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			while (j < n) {
+				char d = s[j++];
+				if (esc) {
+					esc = false;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '\\') {
+					esc = true;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '"')
+					break;
+			}
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// char literal $X
+		if (c == '$') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			if (j < n && s[j] == '\\' && j + 1 < n)
+				j += 2;
+			else if (j < n)
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Char);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// numbers
+		if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '#' || s[j] == '.' ||
+			                 s[j] == '_'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// atoms/variables/identifiers (including quoted atoms)
+		if (is_ident_start(c)) {
+			// quoted atom: '...'
+			if (c == '\'') {
+				int j    = i + 1;
+				bool esc = false;
+				while (j < n) {
+					char d = s[j++];
+					if (d == '\'') {
+						if (j < n && s[j] == '\'') {
+							++j;
+							continue;
+						}
+						break;
+					}
+					if (d == '\\')
+						esc = !esc;
+				}
+				push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Identifier);
+				i = j;
+				continue;
+			}
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && is_ident_char(s[j]))
+				++j;
+			std::string id = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			// lowercase leading -> atom/function/module; uppercase or '_' -> variable
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Identifier;
+			// keyword check (lowercase)
+			std::string lower;
+			lower.reserve(id.size());
+			for (char ch: id)
+				lower.push_back(static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))));
+			if (kws_.count(lower))
+				k = TokenKind::Keyword;
+			push(out, i, j, k);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Operator;
+			if (c == ',' || c == ';' || c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '[' || c == ']' || c == '{' || c ==
+			    '}')
+				k = TokenKind::Punctuation;
+			push(out, i, i + 1, k);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		push(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/ErlangHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// ErlangHighlighter.h - simple Erlang highlighter
+#pragma once
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace kte {
+class ErlangHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
+public:
+	ErlangHighlighter();
+
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/ForthHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "ForthHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_word_char(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_' || c == '>' || c == '<' || c == '?';
+}
+
+
+ForthHighlighter::ForthHighlighter()
+{
+	const char *kw[] = {
+		":", ";", "if", "else", "then", "begin", "until", "while", "repeat",
+		"do", "loop", "+loop", "leave", "again", "case", "of", "endof", "endcase",
+		".", ".r", ".s", ".\"", ",", "cr", "emit", "type", "key",
+		"+", "-", "*", "/", "mod", "/mod", "+-", "abs", "min", "max",
+		"dup", "drop", "swap", "over", "rot", "-rot", "nip", "tuck", "pick", "roll",
+		"and", "or", "xor", "invert", "lshift", "rshift",
+		"variable", "constant", "value", "to", "create", "does>", "allot", ",",
+		"cells", "cell+", "chars", "char+",
+		"[", "]", "immediate",
+		"s\"", ".\""
+	};
+	for (auto s: kw)
+		kws_.insert(s);
+}
+
+
+void
+ForthHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	int i         = 0;
+
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// backslash comment to end of line
+		if (c == '\\') {
+			push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+		// parenthesis comment ( ... ) if at word boundary
+		if (c == '(') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && s[j] != ')')
+				++j;
+			if (j < n)
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Comment);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// strings: ." ... " and S" ... " and raw "..."
+		if (c == '"') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && s[j] != '"')
+				++j;
+			if (j < n)
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '.' || s[j] == '#'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// word/identifier
+		if (std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && is_word_char(s[j]))
+				++j;
+			std::string w = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			// normalize to lowercase for keyword compare (Forth is case-insensitive typically)
+			std::string lower;
+			lower.reserve(w.size());
+			for (char ch: w)
+				lower.push_back(static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))));
+			TokenKind k = kws_.count(lower) ? TokenKind::Keyword : TokenKind::Identifier;
+			// Single-char punctuation fallback
+			if (w.size() == 1 && std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(w[0])) && !kws_.count(lower)) {
+				k = (w[0] == '(' || w[0] == ')' || w[0] == ',')
+					    ? TokenKind::Punctuation
+					    : TokenKind::Operator;
+			}
+			push(out, i, j, k);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		push(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/ForthHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// ForthHighlighter.h - simple Forth highlighter
+#pragma once
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace kte {
+class ForthHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
+public:
+	ForthHighlighter();
+
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/GoHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#include "GoHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_start(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_char(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+GoHighlighter::GoHighlighter()
+{
+	const char *kw[] = {
+		"break", "case", "chan", "const", "continue", "default", "defer", "else", "fallthrough", "for", "func",
+		"go", "goto", "if", "import", "interface", "map", "package", "range", "return", "select", "struct",
+		"switch", "type", "var"
+	};
+	for (auto s: kw)
+		kws_.insert(s);
+	const char *tp[] = {
+		"bool", "byte", "complex64", "complex128", "error", "float32", "float64", "int", "int8", "int16",
+		"int32", "int64", "rune", "string", "uint", "uint8", "uint16", "uint32", "uint64", "uintptr"
+	};
+	for (auto s: tp)
+		types_.insert(s);
+}
+
+
+void
+GoHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	int i         = 0;
+	int bol       = 0;
+	while (bol < n && (s[bol] == ' ' || s[bol] == '\t'))
+		++bol;
+	// line comment
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '/' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '/') {
+			push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (c == '/' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '*') {
+			int j       = i + 2;
+			bool closed = false;
+			while (j + 1 <= n) {
+				if (j + 1 < n && s[j] == '*' && s[j + 1] == '/') {
+					j += 2;
+					closed = true;
+					break;
+				}
+				++j;
+			}
+			if (!closed) {
+				push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+				break;
+			} else {
+				push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Comment);
+				i = j;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if (c == '"' || c == '`') {
+			char q   = c;
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			if (q == '`') {
+				while (j < n && s[j] != '`')
+					++j;
+				if (j < n)
+					++j;
+			} else {
+				while (j < n) {
+					char d = s[j++];
+					if (esc) {
+						esc = false;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (d == '\\') {
+						esc = true;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (d == '"')
+						break;
+				}
+			}
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '.' || s[j] == 'x' ||
+			                 s[j] == 'X' || s[j] == '_'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (is_ident_start(c)) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && is_ident_char(s[j]))
+				++j;
+			std::string id = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			TokenKind k    = TokenKind::Identifier;
+			if (kws_.count(id))
+				k = TokenKind::Keyword;
+			else if (types_.count(id))
+				k = TokenKind::Type;
+			push(out, i, j, k);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Operator;
+			if (c == ';' || c == ',' || c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '{' || c == '}' || c == '[' || c ==
+			    ']')
+				k = TokenKind::Punctuation;
+			push(out, i, i + 1, k);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		push(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/GoHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// GoHighlighter.h - simple Go highlighter
+#pragma once
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace kte {
+class GoHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
+public:
+	GoHighlighter();
+
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> types_;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/HighlighterEngine.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#include "HighlighterEngine.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace kte {
+HighlighterEngine::HighlighterEngine() = default;
+
+
+HighlighterEngine::~HighlighterEngine()
+{
+	// stop background worker
+	if (worker_running_.load()) {
+		{
+			std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+			worker_running_.store(false);
+			has_request_ = true; // wake it up to exit
+		}
+		cv_.notify_one();
+		if (worker_.joinable())
+			worker_.join();
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+HighlighterEngine::SetHighlighter(std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> hl)
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+	hl_ = std::move(hl);
+	cache_.clear();
+	state_cache_.clear();
+	state_last_contig_.clear();
+}
+
+
+const LineHighlight &
+HighlighterEngine::GetLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::uint64_t buf_version) const
+{
+	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+	auto it = cache_.find(row);
+	if (it != cache_.end() && it->second.version == buf_version) {
+		return it->second;
+	}
+
+	// Prepare destination slot to reuse its capacity and avoid allocations
+	LineHighlight &slot = cache_[row];
+	slot.version        = buf_version;
+	slot.spans.clear();
+
+	if (!hl_) {
+		return slot;
+	}
+
+	// Copy shared_ptr-like raw pointer for use outside critical sections
+	LanguageHighlighter *hl_ptr = hl_.get();
+	bool is_stateful            = dynamic_cast<StatefulHighlighter *>(hl_ptr) != nullptr;
+
+	if (!is_stateful) {
+		// Stateless fast path: we can release the lock while computing to reduce contention
+		auto &out = slot.spans;
+		lock.unlock();
+		hl_ptr->HighlightLine(buf, row, out);
+		return cache_.at(row);
+	}
+
+	// Stateful path: we need to walk from a known previous state. Keep lock while consulting caches,
+	// but release during heavy computation.
+	auto *stateful = static_cast<StatefulHighlighter *>(hl_ptr);
+
+	StatefulHighlighter::LineState prev_state;
+	int start_row = -1;
+	if (!state_cache_.empty()) {
+		// linear search over map (unordered), track best candidate
+		int best = -1;
+		for (const auto &kv: state_cache_) {
+			int r = kv.first;
+			if (r <= row - 1 && kv.second.version == buf_version) {
+				if (r > best)
+					best = r;
+			}
+		}
+		if (best >= 0) {
+			start_row  = best;
+			prev_state = state_cache_.at(best).state;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// We'll compute states and the target line's spans without holding the lock for most of the work.
+	// Create a local copy of prev_state and iterate rows; we will update caches under lock.
+	lock.unlock();
+	StatefulHighlighter::LineState cur_state = prev_state;
+	for (int r = start_row + 1; r <= row; ++r) {
+		std::vector<HighlightSpan> tmp;
+		std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out = (r == row) ? slot.spans : tmp;
+		auto next_state                 = stateful->HighlightLineStateful(buf, r, cur_state, out);
+		// Update state cache for r
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> gl(mtx_);
+		StateEntry se;
+		se.version      = buf_version;
+		se.state        = next_state;
+		state_cache_[r] = se;
+		cur_state       = next_state;
+	}
+
+	// Return reference under lock to ensure slot's address stability in map
+	lock.lock();
+	return cache_.at(row);
+}
+
+
+void
+HighlighterEngine::InvalidateFrom(int row)
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+	if (cache_.empty())
+		return;
+	// Simple implementation: erase all rows >= row
+	for (auto it = cache_.begin(); it != cache_.end();) {
+		if (it->first >= row)
+			it = cache_.erase(it);
+		else
+			++it;
+	}
+	if (!state_cache_.empty()) {
+		for (auto it = state_cache_.begin(); it != state_cache_.end();) {
+			if (it->first >= row)
+				it = state_cache_.erase(it);
+			else
+				++it;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+HighlighterEngine::ensure_worker_started() const
+{
+	if (worker_running_.load())
+		return;
+	worker_running_.store(true);
+	worker_ = std::thread([this]() {
+		this->worker_loop();
+	});
+}
+
+
+void
+HighlighterEngine::worker_loop() const
+{
+	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+	while (worker_running_.load()) {
+		cv_.wait(lock, [this]() {
+			return has_request_ || !worker_running_.load();
+		});
+		if (!worker_running_.load())
+			break;
+		WarmRequest req = pending_;
+		has_request_    = false;
+		// Copy locals then release lock while computing
+		lock.unlock();
+		if (req.buf) {
+			int start = std::max(0, req.start_row);
+			int end   = std::max(start, req.end_row);
+			for (int r = start; r <= end; ++r) {
+				// Re-check version staleness quickly by peeking cache version; not strictly necessary
+				// Compute line; GetLine is thread-safe
+				(void) this->GetLine(*req.buf, r, req.version);
+			}
+		}
+		lock.lock();
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+HighlighterEngine::PrefetchViewport(const Buffer &buf, int first_row, int row_count, std::uint64_t buf_version,
+                                    int warm_margin) const
+{
+	if (row_count <= 0)
+		return;
+	// Synchronously compute visible rows to ensure cache hits during draw
+	int start    = std::max(0, first_row);
+	int end      = start + row_count - 1;
+	int max_rows = static_cast<int>(buf.Nrows());
+	if (start >= max_rows)
+		return;
+	if (end >= max_rows)
+		end = max_rows - 1;
+
+	for (int r = start; r <= end; ++r) {
+		(void) GetLine(buf, r, buf_version);
+	}
+
+	// Enqueue background warm-around
+	int warm_start = std::max(0, start - warm_margin);
+	int warm_end   = std::min(max_rows - 1, end + warm_margin);
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+		pending_.buf       = &buf;
+		pending_.version   = buf_version;
+		pending_.start_row = warm_start;
+		pending_.end_row   = warm_end;
+		has_request_       = true;
+	}
+	ensure_worker_started();
+	cv_.notify_one();
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/HighlighterEngine.h

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// HighlighterEngine.h - caching layer for per-line highlights
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "../Highlight.h"
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+
+class Buffer;
+
+namespace kte {
+class HighlighterEngine {
+public:
+	HighlighterEngine();
+
+	~HighlighterEngine();
+
+	void SetHighlighter(std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> hl);
+
+	// Retrieve highlights for a given line and buffer version.
+	// If cache is stale, recompute using the current highlighter.
+	const LineHighlight &GetLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::uint64_t buf_version) const;
+
+	// Invalidate cached lines from row (inclusive)
+	void InvalidateFrom(int row);
+
+
+	bool HasHighlighter() const
+	{
+		return static_cast<bool>(hl_);
+	}
+
+
+	// Phase 3: viewport-first prefetch and background warming
+	// Compute only the visible range now, and enqueue a background warm-around task.
+	// warm_margin: how many extra lines above/below to warm in the background.
+	void PrefetchViewport(const Buffer &buf, int first_row, int row_count, std::uint64_t buf_version,
+	                      int warm_margin = 200) const;
+
+private:
+	std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> hl_;
+	// Simple cache by row index (mutable to allow caching in const GetLine)
+	mutable std::unordered_map<int, LineHighlight> cache_;
+
+	// For stateful highlighters, remember per-line state (state after finishing that row)
+	struct StateEntry {
+		std::uint64_t version{0};
+		// Using the interface type; forward-declare via header
+		StatefulHighlighter::LineState state;
+	};
+
+	mutable std::unordered_map<int, StateEntry> state_cache_;
+
+	// Track best known contiguous state row for a given version to avoid O(n) scans
+	mutable std::unordered_map<std::uint64_t, int> state_last_contig_;
+
+	// Thread-safety for caches and background worker state
+	mutable std::mutex mtx_;
+
+	// Background warmer
+	struct WarmRequest {
+		const Buffer *buf{nullptr};
+		std::uint64_t version{0};
+		int start_row{0};
+		int end_row{0}; // inclusive
+	};
+
+	mutable std::condition_variable cv_;
+	mutable std::thread worker_;
+	mutable std::atomic<bool> worker_running_{false};
+	mutable bool has_request_{false};
+	mutable WarmRequest pending_{};
+
+	void ensure_worker_started() const;
+
+	void worker_loop() const;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/HighlighterRegistry.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+#include "HighlighterRegistry.h"
+#include "CppHighlighter.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cctype>
+
+// Forward declare simple highlighters implemented in this project
+namespace kte {
+// Registration storage
+struct RegEntry {
+	std::string ft; // normalized
+	HighlighterRegistry::Factory factory;
+};
+
+
+static std::vector<RegEntry> &
+registry()
+{
+	static std::vector<RegEntry> reg;
+	return reg;
+}
+
+
+class JSONHighlighter;
+class MarkdownHighlighter;
+class ShellHighlighter;
+class GoHighlighter;
+class PythonHighlighter;
+class RustHighlighter;
+class LispHighlighter;
+class SqlHighlighter;
+class ErlangHighlighter;
+class ForthHighlighter;
+}
+
+// Headers for the above
+#include "JsonHighlighter.h"
+#include "MarkdownHighlighter.h"
+#include "ShellHighlighter.h"
+#include "GoHighlighter.h"
+#include "PythonHighlighter.h"
+#include "RustHighlighter.h"
+#include "LispHighlighter.h"
+#include "SqlHighlighter.h"
+#include "ErlangHighlighter.h"
+#include "ForthHighlighter.h"
+
+namespace kte {
+static std::string
+to_lower(std::string_view s)
+{
+	std::string r(s);
+	std::transform(r.begin(), r.end(), r.begin(), [](unsigned char c) {
+		return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c));
+	});
+	return r;
+}
+
+
+std::string
+HighlighterRegistry::Normalize(std::string_view ft)
+{
+	std::string f = to_lower(ft);
+	if (f == "c" || f == "c++" || f == "cc" || f == "hpp" || f == "hh" || f == "h" || f == "cxx")
+		return "cpp";
+	if (f == "cpp")
+		return "cpp";
+	if (f == "json")
+		return "json";
+	if (f == "markdown" || f == "md" || f == "mkd" || f == "mdown")
+		return "markdown";
+	if (f == "shell" || f == "sh" || f == "bash" || f == "zsh" || f == "ksh" || f == "fish")
+		return "shell";
+	if (f == "go" || f == "golang")
+		return "go";
+	if (f == "py" || f == "python")
+		return "python";
+	if (f == "rs" || f == "rust")
+		return "rust";
+	if (f == "lisp" || f == "scheme" || f == "scm" || f == "rkt" || f == "el" || f == "clj" || f == "cljc" || f ==
+	    "cl")
+		return "lisp";
+	if (f == "sql" || f == "sqlite" || f == "sqlite3")
+		return "sql";
+	if (f == "erlang" || f == "erl" || f == "hrl")
+		return "erlang";
+	if (f == "forth" || f == "fth" || f == "4th" || f == "fs")
+		return "forth";
+	return f;
+}
+
+
+std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter>
+HighlighterRegistry::CreateFor(std::string_view filetype)
+{
+	std::string ft = Normalize(filetype);
+	// Prefer externally registered factories
+	for (const auto &e: registry()) {
+		if (e.ft == ft && e.factory)
+			return e.factory();
+	}
+	if (ft == "cpp")
+		return std::make_unique<CppHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "json")
+		return std::make_unique<JSONHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "markdown")
+		return std::make_unique<MarkdownHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "shell")
+		return std::make_unique<ShellHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "go")
+		return std::make_unique<GoHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "python")
+		return std::make_unique<PythonHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "rust")
+		return std::make_unique<RustHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "lisp")
+		return std::make_unique<LispHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "sql")
+		return std::make_unique<SqlHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "erlang")
+		return std::make_unique<ErlangHighlighter>();
+	if (ft == "forth")
+		return std::make_unique<ForthHighlighter>();
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
+
+static std::string
+shebang_to_ft(std::string_view first_line)
+{
+	if (first_line.size() < 2 || first_line.substr(0, 2) != "#!")
+		return "";
+	std::string low = to_lower(first_line);
+	if (low.find("python") != std::string::npos)
+		return "python";
+	if (low.find("bash") != std::string::npos)
+		return "shell";
+	if (low.find("sh") != std::string::npos)
+		return "shell";
+	if (low.find("zsh") != std::string::npos)
+		return "shell";
+	if (low.find("fish") != std::string::npos)
+		return "shell";
+	if (low.find("scheme") != std::string::npos || low.find("racket") != std::string::npos || low.find("guile") !=
+	    std::string::npos)
+		return "lisp";
+	return "";
+}
+
+
+std::string
+HighlighterRegistry::DetectForPath(std::string_view path, std::string_view first_line)
+{
+	// Extension
+	std::string p(path);
+	std::error_code ec;
+	std::string ext = std::filesystem::path(p).extension().string();
+	for (auto &ch: ext)
+		ch = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+	if (!ext.empty()) {
+		if (ext == ".c" || ext == ".cc" || ext == ".cpp" || ext == ".cxx" || ext == ".h" || ext == ".hpp" || ext
+		    == ".hh")
+			return "cpp";
+		if (ext == ".json")
+			return "json";
+		if (ext == ".md" || ext == ".markdown" || ext == ".mkd")
+			return "markdown";
+		if (ext == ".sh" || ext == ".bash" || ext == ".zsh" || ext == ".ksh" || ext == ".fish")
+			return "shell";
+		if (ext == ".go")
+			return "go";
+		if (ext == ".py")
+			return "python";
+		if (ext == ".rs")
+			return "rust";
+		if (ext == ".lisp" || ext == ".scm" || ext == ".rkt" || ext == ".el" || ext == ".clj" || ext == ".cljc"
+		    || ext == ".cl")
+			return "lisp";
+		if (ext == ".sql" || ext == ".sqlite")
+			return "sql";
+		if (ext == ".erl" || ext == ".hrl")
+			return "erlang";
+		if (ext == ".forth" || ext == ".fth" || ext == ".4th" || ext == ".fs")
+			return "forth";
+	}
+	// Shebang
+	std::string ft = shebang_to_ft(first_line);
+	return ft;
+}
+} // namespace kte
+
+// Extensibility API implementations
+namespace kte {
+void
+HighlighterRegistry::Register(std::string_view filetype, Factory factory, bool override_existing)
+{
+	std::string ft = Normalize(filetype);
+	for (auto &e: registry()) {
+		if (e.ft == ft) {
+			if (override_existing)
+				e.factory = std::move(factory);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	registry().push_back(RegEntry{ft, std::move(factory)});
+}
+
+
+bool
+HighlighterRegistry::IsRegistered(std::string_view filetype)
+{
+	std::string ft = Normalize(filetype);
+	for (const auto &e: registry())
+		if (e.ft == ft)
+			return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+std::vector<std::string>
+HighlighterRegistry::RegisteredFiletypes()
+{
+	std::vector<std::string> out;
+	out.reserve(registry().size());
+	for (const auto &e: registry())
+		out.push_back(e.ft);
+	return out;
+}
+
+#ifdef KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER
+// Forward declare adapter factory
+std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> CreateTreeSitterHighlighter(const char *filetype,
+                                                                 const void * (*get_lang)());
+
+void
+HighlighterRegistry::RegisterTreeSitter(std::string_view filetype,
+                                        const TSLanguage * (*get_language)())
+{
+	std::string ft = Normalize(filetype);
+	Register(ft, [ft, get_language]() {
+		return CreateTreeSitterHighlighter(ft.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<const void* (*)()>(get_language));
+	}, /*override_existing=*/true);
+}
+#endif
+} // namespace kte

syntax/HighlighterRegistry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// HighlighterRegistry.h - create/detect language highlighters and allow external registration
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+
+namespace kte {
+class HighlighterRegistry {
+public:
+	using Factory = std::function<std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter>()>;
+
+	// Create a highlighter for normalized filetype id (e.g., "cpp", "json", "markdown", "shell", "go", "python", "rust", "lisp").
+	static std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> CreateFor(std::string_view filetype);
+
+	// Detect filetype by path extension and shebang (first line).
+	// Returns normalized id or empty string if unknown.
+	static std::string DetectForPath(std::string_view path, std::string_view first_line);
+
+	// Normalize various aliases/extensions to canonical ids.
+	static std::string Normalize(std::string_view ft);
+
+	// Extensibility: allow external code to register highlighters at runtime.
+	// The filetype key is normalized via Normalize(). If a factory is already registered for the
+	// normalized key and override=false, the existing factory is kept.
+	static void Register(std::string_view filetype, Factory factory, bool override_existing = true);
+
+	// Returns true if a factory is registered for the (normalized) filetype.
+	static bool IsRegistered(std::string_view filetype);
+
+	// Return a list of currently registered (normalized) filetypes. Primarily for diagnostics/tests.
+	static std::vector<std::string> RegisteredFiletypes();
+
+#ifdef KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER
+	// Forward declaration to avoid hard dependency when disabled.
+	struct TSLanguage;
+	// Convenience: register a Tree-sitter-backed highlighter for a filetype.
+	// The getter should return a non-null language pointer for the grammar.
+	static void RegisterTreeSitter(std::string_view filetype,
+	                               const TSLanguage * (*get_language)());
+#endif
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/JsonHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include "JsonHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static bool
+is_digit(char c)
+{
+	return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+}
+
+
+void
+JSONHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	auto push     = [&](int a, int b, TokenKind k) {
+		if (b > a)
+			out.push_back({a, b, k});
+	};
+
+	int i = 0;
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '"') {
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			while (j < n) {
+				char d = s[j++];
+				if (esc) {
+					esc = false;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '\\') {
+					esc = true;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '"')
+					break;
+			}
+			push(i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (is_digit(c) || (c == '-' && i + 1 < n && is_digit(s[i + 1]))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '.' || s[j] == 'e' ||
+			                 s[j] == 'E' || s[j] == '+' || s[j] == '-' || s[j] == '_'))
+				++j;
+			push(i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// booleans/null
+		if (std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])))
+				++j;
+			std::string id = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			if (id == "true" || id == "false" || id == "null")
+				push(i, j, TokenKind::Constant);
+			else
+				push(i, j, TokenKind::Identifier);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// punctuation
+		if (c == '{' || c == '}' || c == '[' || c == ']' || c == ',' || c == ':') {
+			push(i, i + 1, TokenKind::Punctuation);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// fallback
+		push(i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/JsonHighlighter.h

@@ -5,10 +5,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace kte {
-
 class JSONHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
 public:
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
 };
-
-} // namespace kte
+} // namespace kte

syntax/LanguageHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// LanguageHighlighter.h - interface for line-based highlighters
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "../Highlight.h"
+
+class Buffer;
+
+namespace kte {
+class LanguageHighlighter {
+public:
+	virtual ~LanguageHighlighter() = default;
+
+	// Produce highlight spans for a given buffer row. Implementations should append to out.
+	virtual void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const = 0;
+
+
+	virtual bool Stateful() const
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+};
+
+// Optional extension for stateful highlighters (e.g., multi-line comments/strings).
+// Engines may detect and use this via dynamic_cast without breaking stateless impls.
+class StatefulHighlighter : public LanguageHighlighter {
+public:
+	struct LineState {
+		bool in_block_comment{false};
+		bool in_raw_string{false};
+		// For raw strings, remember the delimiter between the opening R"delim( and closing )delim"
+		std::string raw_delim;
+	};
+
+	// Highlight one line given the previous line state; return the resulting state after this line.
+	// Implementations should append spans for this line to out and compute the next state.
+	virtual LineState HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf,
+	                                        int row,
+	                                        const LineState &prev,
+	                                        std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const = 0;
+
+
+	bool Stateful() const override
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/LispHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include "LispHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+LispHighlighter::LispHighlighter()
+{
+	const char *kw[] = {
+		"defun", "lambda", "let", "let*", "define", "set!", "if", "cond", "begin", "quote", "quasiquote",
+		"unquote", "unquote-splicing", "loop", "do", "and", "or", "not"
+	};
+	for (auto s: kw)
+		kws_.insert(s);
+}
+
+
+void
+LispHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	int i         = 0;
+	int bol       = 0;
+	while (bol < n && (s[bol] == ' ' || s[bol] == '\t'))
+		++bol;
+	if (bol < n && s[bol] == ';') {
+		push(out, bol, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+		if (bol > 0)
+			push(out, 0, bol, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+		return;
+	}
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == ';') {
+			push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (c == '"') {
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			while (j < n) {
+				char d = s[j++];
+				if (esc) {
+					esc = false;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '\\') {
+					esc = true;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '"')
+					break;
+			}
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '*' || c == '-' || c == '+' || c == '/' || c ==
+		    '_') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '*' || s[j] == '-' ||
+			                 s[j] == '+' || s[j] == '/' || s[j] == '_' || s[j] == '!'))
+				++j;
+			std::string id = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			TokenKind k    = kws_.count(id) ? TokenKind::Keyword : TokenKind::Identifier;
+			push(out, i, j, k);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '.'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Punctuation;
+			push(out, i, i + 1, k);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		push(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/LispHighlighter.h

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 namespace kte {
-
 class LispHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
 public:
-    LispHighlighter();
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
-private:
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
-};
+	LispHighlighter();
 
-} // namespace kte
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/MarkdownHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include "MarkdownHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push_span(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+void
+MarkdownHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	LineState st; // not used in stateless entry
+	(void) HighlightLineStateful(buf, row, st, out);
+}
+
+
+StatefulHighlighter::LineState
+MarkdownHighlighter::HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf, int row, const LineState &prev,
+                                           std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	StatefulHighlighter::LineState state = prev;
+	const auto &rows                     = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return state;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+
+	// Reuse in_block_comment flag as "in fenced code" state.
+	if (state.in_block_comment) {
+		// If line contains closing fence ``` then close after it
+		auto pos = s.find("```");
+		if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+			push_span(out, 0, n, TokenKind::String);
+			state.in_block_comment = true;
+			return state;
+		} else {
+			int end = static_cast<int>(pos + 3);
+			push_span(out, 0, end, TokenKind::String);
+			// rest of line processed normally after fence
+			int i = end;
+			// whitespace
+			if (i < n)
+				push_span(out, i, n, TokenKind::Default);
+			state.in_block_comment = false;
+			return state;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Detect fenced code block start at beginning (allow leading spaces)
+	int bol = 0;
+	while (bol < n && (s[bol] == ' ' || s[bol] == '\t'))
+		++bol;
+	if (bol + 3 <= n && s.compare(bol, 3, "```") == 0) {
+		push_span(out, bol, n, TokenKind::String);
+		state.in_block_comment = true; // enter fenced mode
+		return state;
+	}
+
+	// Headings: lines starting with 1-6 '#'
+	if (bol < n && s[bol] == '#') {
+		int j = bol;
+		while (j < n && s[j] == '#')
+			++j; // hashes
+		// include following space and text as Keyword to stand out
+		push_span(out, bol, n, TokenKind::Keyword);
+		return state;
+	}
+
+	// Process inline: emphasis and code spans
+	int i = 0;
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == '`') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && s[j] != '`')
+				++j;
+			if (j < n)
+				++j;
+			push_span(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '*' || c == '_') {
+			// bold/italic markers: treat the marker and until next same marker as Type to highlight
+			char m = c;
+			int j  = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && s[j] != m)
+				++j;
+			if (j < n)
+				++j;
+			push_span(out, i, j, TokenKind::Type);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// links []() minimal: treat [text](url) as Function
+		if (c == '[') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && s[j] != ']')
+				++j;
+			if (j < n)
+				++j; // include ]
+			if (j < n && s[j] == '(') {
+				while (j < n && s[j] != ')')
+					++j;
+				if (j < n)
+					++j;
+			}
+			push_span(out, i, j, TokenKind::Function);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// whitespace
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push_span(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// fallback: default single char
+		push_span(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+	return state;
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/MarkdownHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// MarkdownHighlighter.h - simple Markdown highlighter
+#pragma once
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+
+namespace kte {
+class MarkdownHighlighter final : public StatefulHighlighter {
+public:
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+	LineState HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf, int row, const LineState &prev,
+	                                std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/NullHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "NullHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+
+namespace kte {
+void
+NullHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	if (n <= 0)
+		return;
+	out.push_back({0, n, TokenKind::Default});
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/NullHighlighter.h

@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@
 #include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
 
 namespace kte {
-
 class NullHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
 public:
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
 };
-
-} // namespace kte
+} // namespace kte

syntax/PythonHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#include "PythonHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_start(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_char(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+PythonHighlighter::PythonHighlighter()
+{
+	const char *kw[] = {
+		"and", "as", "assert", "break", "class", "continue", "def", "del", "elif", "else", "except", "False",
+		"finally", "for", "from", "global", "if", "import", "in", "is", "lambda", "None", "nonlocal", "not",
+		"or", "pass", "raise", "return", "True", "try", "while", "with", "yield"
+	};
+	for (auto s: kw)
+		kws_.insert(s);
+}
+
+
+void
+PythonHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	LineState st;
+	(void) HighlightLineStateful(buf, row, st, out);
+}
+
+
+StatefulHighlighter::LineState
+PythonHighlighter::HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf, int row, const LineState &prev,
+                                         std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	StatefulHighlighter::LineState state = prev;
+	const auto &rows                     = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return state;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+
+	// Triple-quoted string continuation uses in_raw_string with raw_delim either "'''" or "\"\"\""
+	if (state.in_raw_string && (state.raw_delim == "'''" || state.raw_delim == "\"\"\"")) {
+		auto pos = s.find(state.raw_delim);
+		if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+			push(out, 0, n, TokenKind::String);
+			return state; // still inside
+		} else {
+			int end = static_cast<int>(pos + static_cast<int>(state.raw_delim.size()));
+			push(out, 0, end, TokenKind::String);
+			// remainder processed normally
+			s                   = s.substr(end);
+			n                   = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+			state.in_raw_string = false;
+			state.raw_delim.clear();
+			// Continue parsing remainder as a separate small loop
+			int base = end;
+			// original offset, but we already emitted to 'out' with base=0; following spans should be from 'end'
+			// For simplicity, mark rest as Default
+			if (n > 0)
+				push(out, base, base + n, TokenKind::Default);
+			return state;
+		}
+	}
+
+	int i = 0;
+	// Detect comment start '#', ignoring inside strings
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '#') {
+			push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+		// Strings: triple quotes and single-line
+		if (c == '"' || c == '\'') {
+			char q = c;
+			// triple?
+			if (i + 2 < n && s[i + 1] == q && s[i + 2] == q) {
+				std::string delim(3, q);
+				int j    = i + 3; // search for closing triple
+				auto pos = s.find(delim, static_cast<std::size_t>(j));
+				if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+					push(out, i, n, TokenKind::String);
+					state.in_raw_string = true;
+					state.raw_delim     = delim;
+					return state;
+				} else {
+					int end = static_cast<int>(pos + 3);
+					push(out, i, end, TokenKind::String);
+					i = end;
+					continue;
+				}
+			} else {
+				int j    = i + 1;
+				bool esc = false;
+				while (j < n) {
+					char d = s[j++];
+					if (esc) {
+						esc = false;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (d == '\\') {
+						esc = true;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (d == q)
+						break;
+				}
+				push(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+				i = j;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '.' || s[j] == '_'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (is_ident_start(c)) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && is_ident_char(s[j]))
+				++j;
+			std::string id = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			TokenKind k    = TokenKind::Identifier;
+			if (kws_.count(id))
+				k = TokenKind::Keyword;
+			push(out, i, j, k);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Operator;
+			if (c == ':' || c == ',' || c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '[' || c == ']')
+				k = TokenKind::Punctuation;
+			push(out, i, i + 1, k);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		push(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+	return state;
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/PythonHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// PythonHighlighter.h - simple Python highlighter with triple-quote state
+#pragma once
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace kte {
+class PythonHighlighter final : public StatefulHighlighter {
+public:
+	PythonHighlighter();
+
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+	LineState HighlightLineStateful(const Buffer &buf, int row, const LineState &prev,
+	                                std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/RustHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#include "RustHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_start(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_char(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+RustHighlighter::RustHighlighter()
+{
+	const char *kw[] = {
+		"as", "break", "const", "continue", "crate", "else", "enum", "extern", "false", "fn", "for", "if",
+		"impl", "in", "let", "loop", "match", "mod", "move", "mut", "pub", "ref", "return", "self", "Self",
+		"static", "struct", "super", "trait", "true", "type", "unsafe", "use", "where", "while", "dyn", "async",
+		"await", "try"
+	};
+	for (auto s: kw)
+		kws_.insert(s);
+	const char *tp[] = {
+		"u8", "u16", "u32", "u64", "u128", "usize", "i8", "i16", "i32", "i64", "i128", "isize", "f32", "f64",
+		"bool", "char", "str"
+	};
+	for (auto s: tp)
+		types_.insert(s);
+}
+
+
+void
+RustHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	int i         = 0;
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '/' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '/') {
+			push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (c == '/' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '*') {
+			int j       = i + 2;
+			bool closed = false;
+			while (j + 1 <= n) {
+				if (j + 1 < n && s[j] == '*' && s[j + 1] == '/') {
+					j += 2;
+					closed = true;
+					break;
+				}
+				++j;
+			}
+			if (!closed) {
+				push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+				break;
+			} else {
+				push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Comment);
+				i = j;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if (c == '"') {
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			while (j < n) {
+				char d = s[j++];
+				if (esc) {
+					esc = false;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '\\') {
+					esc = true;
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (d == '"')
+					break;
+			}
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '.' || s[j] == '_'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (is_ident_start(c)) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && is_ident_char(s[j]))
+				++j;
+			std::string id = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			TokenKind k    = TokenKind::Identifier;
+			if (kws_.count(id))
+				k = TokenKind::Keyword;
+			else if (types_.count(id))
+				k = TokenKind::Type;
+			push(out, i, j, k);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Operator;
+			if (c == ';' || c == ',' || c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '{' || c == '}' || c == '[' || c ==
+			    ']')
+				k = TokenKind::Punctuation;
+			push(out, i, i + 1, k);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		push(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/RustHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// RustHighlighter.h - simple Rust highlighter
+#pragma once
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace kte {
+class RustHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
+public:
+	RustHighlighter();
+
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> types_;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/ShellHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "ShellHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+void
+ShellHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	int i         = 0;
+	// if first non-space is '#', whole line is comment
+	int bol = 0;
+	while (bol < n && (s[bol] == ' ' || s[bol] == '\t'))
+		++bol;
+	if (bol < n && s[bol] == '#') {
+		push(out, bol, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+		if (bol > 0)
+			push(out, 0, bol, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+		return;
+	}
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c == '#') {
+			push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
+			char q   = c;
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			while (j < n) {
+				char d = s[j++];
+				if (q == '"') {
+					if (esc) {
+						esc = false;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (d == '\\') {
+						esc = true;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (d == '"')
+						break;
+				} else {
+					if (d == '\'')
+						break;
+				}
+			}
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// simple keywords
+		if (std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '_'))
+				++j;
+			std::string id           = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			static const char *kws[] = {
+				"if", "then", "fi", "for", "in", "do", "done", "case", "esac", "while", "function",
+				"elif", "else"
+			};
+			bool kw = false;
+			for (auto k: kws)
+				if (id == k) {
+					kw = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			push(out, i, j, kw ? TokenKind::Keyword : TokenKind::Identifier);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Operator;
+			if (c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '{' || c == '}' || c == ',' || c == ';')
+				k = TokenKind::Punctuation;
+			push(out, i, i + 1, k);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		push(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/ShellHighlighter.h

@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@
 #include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
 
 namespace kte {
-
 class ShellHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
 public:
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
 };
-
-} // namespace kte
+} // namespace kte

syntax/SqlHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#include "SqlHighlighter.h"
+#include "../Buffer.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace kte {
+static void
+push(std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out, int a, int b, TokenKind k)
+{
+	if (b > a)
+		out.push_back({a, b, k});
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_start(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_';
+}
+
+
+static bool
+is_ident_char(char c)
+{
+	return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_' || c == '$';
+}
+
+
+SqlHighlighter::SqlHighlighter()
+{
+	const char *kw[] = {
+		"select", "insert", "update", "delete", "from", "where", "group", "by", "order", "limit",
+		"offset", "values", "into", "create", "table", "index", "unique", "on", "as", "and", "or",
+		"not", "null", "is", "primary", "key", "constraint", "foreign", "references", "drop", "alter",
+		"add", "column", "rename", "to", "if", "exists", "join", "left", "right", "inner", "outer",
+		"cross", "using", "set", "distinct", "having", "union", "all", "case", "when", "then", "else",
+		"end", "pragma", "transaction", "begin", "commit", "rollback", "replace"
+	};
+	for (auto s: kw)
+		kws_.insert(s);
+
+	const char *types[] = {"integer", "real", "text", "blob", "numeric", "boolean", "date", "datetime"};
+	for (auto s: types)
+		types_.insert(s);
+}
+
+
+void
+SqlHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const
+{
+	const auto &rows = buf.Rows();
+	if (row < 0 || static_cast<std::size_t>(row) >= rows.size())
+		return;
+	std::string s = static_cast<std::string>(rows[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)]);
+	int n         = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+	int i         = 0;
+
+	while (i < n) {
+		char c = s[i];
+		if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (s[j] == ' ' || s[j] == '\t'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Whitespace);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		// line comments: -- ...
+		if (c == '-' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '-') {
+			push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+			break;
+		}
+		// simple block comment on same line: /* ... */
+		if (c == '/' && i + 1 < n && s[i + 1] == '*') {
+			int j       = i + 2;
+			bool closed = false;
+			while (j + 1 <= n) {
+				if (j + 1 < n && s[j] == '*' && s[j + 1] == '/') {
+					j += 2;
+					closed = true;
+					break;
+				}
+				++j;
+			}
+			if (!closed) {
+				push(out, i, n, TokenKind::Comment);
+				break;
+			} else {
+				push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Comment);
+				i = j;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		// strings: '...' or "..."
+		if (c == '\'' || c == '"') {
+			char q   = c;
+			int j    = i + 1;
+			bool esc = false;
+			while (j < n) {
+				char d = s[j++];
+				if (d == q) {
+					// Handle doubled quote escaping for SQL single quotes
+					if (q == '\'' && j < n && s[j] == '\'') {
+						++j;
+						continue;
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+				if (d == '\\') {
+					esc = !esc;
+				} else {
+					esc = false;
+				}
+			}
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::String);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[j])) || s[j] == '.' || s[j] == '_'))
+				++j;
+			push(out, i, j, TokenKind::Number);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (is_ident_start(c)) {
+			int j = i + 1;
+			while (j < n && is_ident_char(s[j]))
+				++j;
+			std::string id = s.substr(i, j - i);
+			std::string lower;
+			lower.reserve(id.size());
+			for (char ch: id)
+				lower.push_back(static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))));
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Identifier;
+			if (kws_.count(lower))
+				k = TokenKind::Keyword;
+			else if (types_.count(lower))
+				k = TokenKind::Type;
+			push(out, i, j, k);
+			i = j;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (std::ispunct(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+			TokenKind k = TokenKind::Operator;
+			if (c == ',' || c == ';' || c == '(' || c == ')')
+				k = TokenKind::Punctuation;
+			push(out, i, i + 1, k);
+			++i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		push(out, i, i + 1, TokenKind::Default);
+		++i;
+	}
+}
+} // namespace kte

syntax/SqlHighlighter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// SqlHighlighter.h - simple SQL/SQLite highlighter
+#pragma once
+
+#include "LanguageHighlighter.h"
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace kte {
+class SqlHighlighter final : public LanguageHighlighter {
+public:
+	SqlHighlighter();
+
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> kws_;
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> types_;
+};
+} // namespace kte

syntax/TreeSitterHighlighter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "TreeSitterHighlighter.h"
+
+#ifdef KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER
+
+#include "Buffer.h"
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace kte {
+TreeSitterHighlighter::TreeSitterHighlighter(const TSLanguage *lang, std::string filetype)
+	: language_(lang), filetype_(std::move(filetype)) {}
+
+
+TreeSitterHighlighter::~TreeSitterHighlighter()
+{
+	disposeParser();
+}
+
+
+void
+TreeSitterHighlighter::ensureParsed(const Buffer & /*buf*/) const
+{
+	// Intentionally a stub to avoid pulling the Tree-sitter API and library by default.
+	// In future, when linking against tree-sitter, initialize parser_, set language_,
+	// and build tree_ from the buffer contents.
+}
+
+
+void
+TreeSitterHighlighter::disposeParser() const
+{
+	// Stub; nothing to dispose when not actually creating parser/tree
+}
+
+
+void
+TreeSitterHighlighter::HighlightLine(const Buffer &/*buf*/, int /*row*/, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &/*out*/) const
+{
+	// For now, no-op. When tree-sitter is wired, map nodes to TokenKind spans per line.
+}
+
+
+std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter>
+CreateTreeSitterHighlighter(const char *filetype,
+                            const void * (*get_lang)())
+{
+	const auto *lang = reinterpret_cast<const TSLanguage *>(get_lang ? get_lang() : nullptr);
+	return std::make_unique < TreeSitterHighlighter > (lang, filetype ? std::string(filetype) : std::string());
+}
+} // namespace kte
+
+#endif // KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER

syntax/TreeSitterHighlighter.h

@@ -17,32 +17,32 @@ struct TSTree;
 }
 
 namespace kte {
-
 // A minimal adapter that uses Tree-sitter to parse the whole buffer and then, for now,
 // does very limited token classification. This acts as a scaffold for future richer
 // queries. If no queries are provided, it currently produces no spans (safe fallback).
 class TreeSitterHighlighter : public LanguageHighlighter {
 public:
-    explicit TreeSitterHighlighter(const TSLanguage* lang, std::string filetype);
-    ~TreeSitterHighlighter() override;
+	explicit TreeSitterHighlighter(const TSLanguage *lang, std::string filetype);
 
-    void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
+	~TreeSitterHighlighter() override;
+
+	void HighlightLine(const Buffer &buf, int row, std::vector<HighlightSpan> &out) const override;
 
 private:
-    const TSLanguage* language_{nullptr};
-    std::string filetype_;
-    // Lazy parser to avoid startup cost; mutable to allow creation in const method
-    mutable TSParser* parser_{nullptr};
-    mutable TSTree* tree_{nullptr};
+	const TSLanguage *language_{nullptr};
+	std::string filetype_;
+	// Lazy parser to avoid startup cost; mutable to allow creation in const method
+	mutable TSParser *parser_{nullptr};
+	mutable TSTree *tree_{nullptr};
 
-    void ensureParsed(const Buffer& buf) const;
-    void disposeParser() const;
+	void ensureParsed(const Buffer &buf) const;
+
+	void disposeParser() const;
 };
 
 // Factory used by HighlighterRegistry when registering via RegisterTreeSitter.
-std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> CreateTreeSitterHighlighter(const char* filetype,
-                                                                 const void* (*get_lang)());
-
+std::unique_ptr<LanguageHighlighter> CreateTreeSitterHighlighter(const char *filetype,
+                                                                 const void * (*get_lang)());
 } // namespace kte
 
-#endif // KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER
+#endif // KTE_ENABLE_TREESITTER

themes/EInk.h

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// themes/EInk.h — Monochrome e-ink inspired ImGui themes (header-only)
+#pragma once
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "ThemeHelpers.h"
+
+// Expects to be included from GUITheme.h after <imgui.h> and RGBA() helper
+
+static void
+ApplyEInkImGuiTheme()
+{
+	// E-Ink grayscale palette (light background)
+	const ImVec4 paper  = RGBA(0xF2F2EE); // light paper
+	const ImVec4 bg1    = RGBA(0xE6E6E2);
+	const ImVec4 bg2    = RGBA(0xDADAD5);
+	const ImVec4 bg3    = RGBA(0xCFCFCA);
+	const ImVec4 ink    = RGBA(0x111111); // primary text (near black)
+	const ImVec4 dim    = RGBA(0x666666); // disabled text
+	const ImVec4 border = RGBA(0xB8B8B3);
+	const ImVec4 accent = RGBA(0x222222); // controls/active
+
+	ImGuiStyle &style      = ImGui::GetStyle();
+	style.WindowPadding    = ImVec2(8.0f, 8.0f);
+	style.FramePadding     = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.CellPadding      = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ItemSpacing      = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.ItemInnerSpacing = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ScrollbarSize    = 14.0f;
+	style.GrabMinSize      = 10.0f;
+	style.WindowRounding   = 0.0f;
+	style.FrameRounding    = 0.0f;
+	style.PopupRounding    = 0.0f;
+	style.GrabRounding     = 0.0f;
+	style.TabRounding      = 0.0f;
+	style.WindowBorderSize = 1.0f;
+	style.FrameBorderSize  = 1.0f;
+
+	ImVec4 *colors                         = style.Colors;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Text]                  = ink;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]          = ImVec4(dim.x, dim.y, dim.z, 1.0f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]              = paper;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]               = paper;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]               = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.98f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Border]                = border;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]          = RGBA(0x000000, 0.0f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]               = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]        = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]         = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]               = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]         = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]      = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]             = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]           = paper;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]         = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]  = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]   = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]             = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]            = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]      = ink;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Button]                = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]         = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]          = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Header]                = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]         = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]          = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]             = border;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]      = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]       = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]            = ImVec4(ink.x, ink.y, ink.z, 0.12f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]     = ImVec4(accent.x, accent.y, accent.z, 0.50f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]      = ink;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                   = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]            = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]             = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]          = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]    = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]         = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]     = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]      = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.6f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]            = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.2f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]         = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.35f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]        = ImVec4(accent.x, accent.y, accent.z, 0.30f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]        = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]          = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight] = ImVec4(ink.x, ink.y, ink.z, 0.70f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]     = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.45f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]      = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.45f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]             = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]      = ink;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]         = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]  = ink;
+}
+
+
+static inline void
+ApplyEInkDarkImGuiTheme()
+{
+	// E-Ink dark variant (dark background, light ink)
+	const ImVec4 paper  = RGBA(0x1A1A1A);
+	const ImVec4 bg1    = RGBA(0x222222);
+	const ImVec4 bg2    = RGBA(0x2B2B2B);
+	const ImVec4 bg3    = RGBA(0x343434);
+	const ImVec4 ink    = RGBA(0xEDEDEA);
+	const ImVec4 dim    = RGBA(0xB5B5B3);
+	const ImVec4 border = RGBA(0x444444);
+	const ImVec4 accent = RGBA(0xDDDDDD);
+
+	ImGuiStyle &style      = ImGui::GetStyle();
+	style.WindowPadding    = ImVec2(8.0f, 8.0f);
+	style.FramePadding     = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.CellPadding      = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ItemSpacing      = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.ItemInnerSpacing = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ScrollbarSize    = 14.0f;
+	style.GrabMinSize      = 10.0f;
+	style.WindowRounding   = 0.0f;
+	style.FrameRounding    = 0.0f;
+	style.PopupRounding    = 0.0f;
+	style.GrabRounding     = 0.0f;
+	style.TabRounding      = 0.0f;
+	style.WindowBorderSize = 1.0f;
+	style.FrameBorderSize  = 1.0f;
+
+	ImVec4 *colors                         = style.Colors;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Text]                  = ink;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]          = ImVec4(dim.x, dim.y, dim.z, 1.0f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]              = paper;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]               = paper;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]               = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.98f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Border]                = border;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]          = RGBA(0x000000, 0.0f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]               = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]        = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]         = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]               = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]         = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]      = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]             = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]           = paper;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]         = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]  = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]   = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]             = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]            = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]      = ink;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Button]                = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]         = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]          = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Header]                = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]         = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]          = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]             = border;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]      = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]       = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]            = ImVec4(ink.x, ink.y, ink.z, 0.12f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]     = ImVec4(accent.x, accent.y, accent.z, 0.50f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]      = ink;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                   = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]            = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]             = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]          = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]    = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]         = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]     = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]      = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.6f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]            = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.2f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]         = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.35f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]        = ImVec4(accent.x, accent.y, accent.z, 0.30f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]        = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]          = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight] = ImVec4(ink.x, ink.y, ink.z, 0.70f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]     = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.45f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]      = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.45f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]             = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]      = ink;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]         = accent;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]  = ink;
+}

themes/Gruvbox.h

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+// themes/Gruvbox.h — Gruvbox Dark/Light (medium) ImGui themes (header-only)
+#pragma once
+#include "ThemeHelpers.h"
+
+// Expects to be included from GUITheme.h after <imgui.h> and RGBA() helper
+
+static void
+ApplyGruvboxDarkMediumTheme()
+{
+	// Gruvbox (dark, medium) palette
+	const ImVec4 bg0 = RGBA(0x282828); // dark0
+	const ImVec4 bg1 = RGBA(0x3C3836); // dark1
+	const ImVec4 bg2 = RGBA(0x504945); // dark2
+	const ImVec4 bg3 = RGBA(0x665C54); // dark3
+	const ImVec4 fg1 = RGBA(0xEBDBB2); // light1
+	const ImVec4 fg0 = RGBA(0xFBF1C7); // light0
+	// accent colors
+	const ImVec4 yellow = RGBA(0xFABD2F);
+	const ImVec4 blue   = RGBA(0x83A598);
+	const ImVec4 aqua   = RGBA(0x8EC07C);
+	const ImVec4 orange = RGBA(0xFE8019);
+
+	ImGuiStyle &style      = ImGui::GetStyle();
+	style.WindowPadding    = ImVec2(8.0f, 8.0f);
+	style.FramePadding     = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.CellPadding      = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ItemSpacing      = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.ItemInnerSpacing = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ScrollbarSize    = 14.0f;
+	style.GrabMinSize      = 10.0f;
+	style.WindowRounding   = 4.0f;
+	style.FrameRounding    = 3.0f;
+	style.PopupRounding    = 4.0f;
+	style.GrabRounding     = 3.0f;
+	style.TabRounding      = 4.0f;
+	style.WindowBorderSize = 1.0f;
+	style.FrameBorderSize  = 1.0f;
+
+	ImVec4 *colors                = style.Colors;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Text]         = fg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled] = ImVec4(fg1.x, fg1.y, fg1.z, 0.55f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]     = bg0;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]      = bg0;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]      = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.98f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Border]       = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow] = RGBA(0x000000, 0.0f);
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]        = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered] = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]  = bg1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]          = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]    = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed] = bg1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]            = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]          = bg0;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]        = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered] = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]  = bg1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]        = aqua;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]       = aqua;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive] = blue;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Button]        = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered] = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]  = bg1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Header]        = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered] = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]  = bg2;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]        = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered] = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]  = blue;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]        = ImVec4(fg0.x, fg0.y, fg0.z, 0.12f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered] = ImVec4(aqua.x, aqua.y, aqua.z, 0.67f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]  = blue;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]         = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]          = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]       = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive] = bg3;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]     = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong] = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]  = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.6f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]        = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.2f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]     = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.35f);
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]        = ImVec4(orange.x, orange.y, orange.z, 0.30f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]        = orange;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]          = orange;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight] = ImVec4(fg0.x, fg0.y, fg0.z, 0.70f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]     = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.45f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]      = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.45f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]             = aqua;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]      = blue;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]         = yellow;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]  = orange;
+}
+
+
+static inline void
+ApplyGruvboxLightMediumTheme()
+{
+	// Gruvbox (light, medium) palette
+	const ImVec4 bg0 = RGBA(0xFBF1C7); // light0
+	const ImVec4 bg1 = RGBA(0xEBDBB2); // light1
+	const ImVec4 bg2 = RGBA(0xD5C4A1); // light2
+	const ImVec4 bg3 = RGBA(0xBDAE93); // light3
+	const ImVec4 fg1 = RGBA(0x3C3836); // dark1
+	const ImVec4 fg0 = RGBA(0x282828); // dark0
+	// accents
+	const ImVec4 yellow = RGBA(0xB57614);
+	const ImVec4 blue   = RGBA(0x076678);
+	const ImVec4 aqua   = RGBA(0x427B58);
+	const ImVec4 orange = RGBA(0xAF3A03);
+
+	ImGuiStyle &style      = ImGui::GetStyle();
+	style.WindowPadding    = ImVec2(8.0f, 8.0f);
+	style.FramePadding     = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.CellPadding      = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ItemSpacing      = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.ItemInnerSpacing = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ScrollbarSize    = 14.0f;
+	style.GrabMinSize      = 10.0f;
+	style.WindowRounding   = 4.0f;
+	style.FrameRounding    = 3.0f;
+	style.PopupRounding    = 4.0f;
+	style.GrabRounding     = 3.0f;
+	style.TabRounding      = 4.0f;
+	style.WindowBorderSize = 1.0f;
+	style.FrameBorderSize  = 1.0f;
+
+	ImVec4 *colors                = style.Colors;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Text]         = fg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled] = ImVec4(fg1.x, fg1.y, fg1.z, 0.55f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]     = bg0;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]      = bg0;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]      = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.98f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Border]       = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow] = RGBA(0x000000, 0.0f);
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]        = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered] = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]  = bg1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]          = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]    = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed] = bg1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]            = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]          = bg0;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]        = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered] = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]  = bg1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]        = aqua;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]       = aqua;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive] = blue;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Button]        = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered] = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]  = bg1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Header]        = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered] = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]  = bg2;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]        = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered] = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]  = blue;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]        = ImVec4(fg0.x, fg0.y, fg0.z, 0.12f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered] = ImVec4(aqua.x, aqua.y, aqua.z, 0.67f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]  = blue;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]         = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]          = bg3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]       = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive] = bg3;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]     = bg2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong] = bg1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]  = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.6f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]        = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.2f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]     = ImVec4(bg1.x, bg1.y, bg1.z, 0.35f);
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]        = ImVec4(orange.x, orange.y, orange.z, 0.30f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]        = orange;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]          = orange;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight] = ImVec4(fg0.x, fg0.y, fg0.z, 0.70f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]     = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.45f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]      = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.45f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]             = aqua;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]      = blue;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]         = yellow;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]  = orange;
+}

themes/Nord.h

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// themes/Nord.h — Nord-inspired ImGui theme (header-only)
+#pragma once
+#include "ThemeHelpers.h"
+
+// Expects to be included from GUITheme.h after <imgui.h> and RGBA() helper
+
+static void
+ApplyNordImGuiTheme()
+{
+	// Nord palette
+	const ImVec4 nord0  = RGBA(0x2E3440); // darkest bg
+	const ImVec4 nord1  = RGBA(0x3B4252);
+	const ImVec4 nord2  = RGBA(0x434C5E);
+	const ImVec4 nord3  = RGBA(0x4C566A);
+	const ImVec4 nord4  = RGBA(0xD8DEE9);
+	const ImVec4 nord6  = RGBA(0xECEFF4); // lightest
+	const ImVec4 nord8  = RGBA(0x88C0D0); // cyan
+	const ImVec4 nord9  = RGBA(0x81A1C1); // blue
+	const ImVec4 nord10 = RGBA(0x5E81AC); // blue dark
+	const ImVec4 nord12 = RGBA(0xD08770); // orange
+	const ImVec4 nord13 = RGBA(0xEBCB8B); // yellow
+
+	ImGuiStyle &style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+
+	// Base style tweaks to suit Nord aesthetics
+	style.WindowPadding    = ImVec2(8.0f, 8.0f);
+	style.FramePadding     = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.CellPadding      = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ItemSpacing      = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.ItemInnerSpacing = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ScrollbarSize    = 14.0f;
+	style.GrabMinSize      = 10.0f;
+	style.WindowRounding   = 4.0f;
+	style.FrameRounding    = 3.0f;
+	style.PopupRounding    = 4.0f;
+	style.GrabRounding     = 3.0f;
+	style.TabRounding      = 4.0f;
+	style.WindowBorderSize = 1.0f;
+	style.FrameBorderSize  = 1.0f;
+
+	ImVec4 *colors = style.Colors;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Text]         = nord4; // primary text
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled] = ImVec4(nord4.x, nord4.y, nord4.z, 0.55f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]     = nord0;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]      = nord0;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]      = ImVec4(nord1.x, nord1.y, nord1.z, 0.98f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Border]       = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow] = RGBA(0x000000, 0.0f);
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]        = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered] = nord3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]  = nord1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]          = nord1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]    = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed] = nord1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]            = nord1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]          = nord10;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]        = nord3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered] = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]  = nord1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]        = nord8;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]       = nord8;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive] = nord9;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Button]        = nord3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered] = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]  = nord1;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Header]        = nord3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered] = nord10;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]  = nord10;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]        = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered] = nord10;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]  = nord9;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]        = ImVec4(nord6.x, nord6.y, nord6.z, 0.12f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered] = ImVec4(nord8.x, nord8.y, nord8.z, 0.67f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]  = nord9;
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]         = nord10;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]          = nord3;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]       = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive] = nord3;
+
+	// Docking colors omitted for compatibility
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]     = nord2;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong] = nord1;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]  = ImVec4(nord1.x, nord1.y, nord1.z, 0.6f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]        = ImVec4(nord1.x, nord1.y, nord1.z, 0.2f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]     = ImVec4(nord1.x, nord1.y, nord1.z, 0.35f);
+
+	colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]        = ImVec4(nord8.x, nord8.y, nord8.z, 0.35f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]        = nord13;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]          = nord9;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight] = ImVec4(nord6.x, nord6.y, nord6.z, 0.7f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]     = ImVec4(nord0.x, nord0.y, nord0.z, 0.6f);
+	colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]      = ImVec4(nord0.x, nord0.y, nord0.z, 0.6f);
+
+	// Plots
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]            = nord8;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]     = nord9;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]        = nord13;
+	colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered] = nord12;
+}

themes/Plan9.h

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// themes/Plan9.h — Plan 9 acme-inspired ImGui theme (header-only)
+#pragma once
+#include "ThemeHelpers.h"
+
+// Expects to be included from GUITheme.h after <imgui.h> and RGBA() helper
+
+static void
+ApplyPlan9Theme()
+{
+	// Acme-like colors
+	const ImVec4 paper  = RGBA(0xFFFFE8); // pale yellow paper
+	const ImVec4 pane   = RGBA(0xFFF4C1); // slightly deeper for frames
+	const ImVec4 ink    = RGBA(0x000000); // black text
+	constexpr auto dim  = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0.60f);
+	const ImVec4 border = RGBA(0x000000); // 1px black
+	const ImVec4 blue   = RGBA(0x0064FF); // acme-ish blue accents
+	const ImVec4 blueH  = RGBA(0x4C8DFF); // hover/active
+
+	ImGuiStyle &style      = ImGui::GetStyle();
+	style.WindowPadding    = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.FramePadding     = ImVec2(5.0f, 3.0f);
+	style.CellPadding      = ImVec2(5.0f, 3.0f);
+	style.ItemSpacing      = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.ItemInnerSpacing = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ScrollbarSize    = 14.0f;
+	style.GrabMinSize      = 10.0f;
+	style.WindowRounding   = 0.0f;
+	style.FrameRounding    = 0.0f;
+	style.PopupRounding    = 0.0f;
+	style.GrabRounding     = 0.0f;
+	style.TabRounding      = 0.0f;
+	style.WindowBorderSize = 1.0f;
+	style.FrameBorderSize  = 1.0f;
+
+	ImVec4 *c                         = style.Colors;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Text]                  = ink;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]          = dim;
+	c[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]              = paper;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]               = paper;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]               = ImVec4(pane.x, pane.y, pane.z, 0.98f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_Border]                = border;
+	c[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]          = RGBA(0x000000, 0.0f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]               = pane;
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]        = RGBA(0xFFEBA0);
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]         = RGBA(0xFFE387);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]               = pane;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]         = RGBA(0xFFE8A6);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]      = pane;
+	c[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]             = pane;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]           = paper;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]         = RGBA(0xEADFA5);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]  = RGBA(0xE2D37F);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]   = RGBA(0xD8C757);
+	c[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]             = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]            = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]      = blueH;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Button]                = RGBA(0xFFF1B0);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]         = RGBA(0xFFE892);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]          = RGBA(0xFFE072);
+	c[ImGuiCol_Header]                = RGBA(0xFFF1B0);
+	c[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]         = RGBA(0xFFE892);
+	c[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]          = RGBA(0xFFE072);
+	c[ImGuiCol_Separator]             = border;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]      = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]       = blueH;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]            = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0.12f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]     = ImVec4(blue.x, blue.y, blue.z, 0.67f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]      = blueH;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Tab]                   = RGBA(0xFFE8A6);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]            = RGBA(0xFFE072);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabActive]             = RGBA(0xFFD859);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]          = RGBA(0xFFE8A6);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]    = RGBA(0xFFD859);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]         = RGBA(0xFFE8A6);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]     = border;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]      = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0.35f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]            = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0.04f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]         = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0.08f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]        = ImVec4(blueH.x, blueH.y, blueH.z, 0.35f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]        = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]          = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight] = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0.20f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]     = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0.20f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]      = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0.20f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]             = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]      = blueH;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]         = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]  = blueH;
+}

themes/Solarized.h

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// themes/Solarized.h — Solarized Dark/Light ImGui themes (header-only)
+#pragma once
+#include "ThemeHelpers.h"
+
+
+// Expects to be included from GUITheme.h after <imgui.h> and RGBA() helper
+
+static void
+ApplySolarizedDarkTheme()
+{
+	// Base colors from Ethan Schoonover Solarized
+	const ImVec4 base03 = RGBA(0x002b36);
+	const ImVec4 base02 = RGBA(0x073642);
+	const ImVec4 base01 = RGBA(0x586e75);
+	const ImVec4 base00 = RGBA(0x657b83);
+	const ImVec4 base0  = RGBA(0x839496);
+	const ImVec4 base1  = RGBA(0x93a1a1);
+	const ImVec4 base2  = RGBA(0xeee8d5);
+	const ImVec4 yellow = RGBA(0xb58900);
+	const ImVec4 orange = RGBA(0xcb4b16);
+	const ImVec4 blue   = RGBA(0x268bd2);
+	const ImVec4 cyan   = RGBA(0x2aa198);
+
+	ImGuiStyle &style      = ImGui::GetStyle();
+	style.WindowPadding    = ImVec2(8.0f, 8.0f);
+	style.FramePadding     = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.CellPadding      = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ItemSpacing      = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.ItemInnerSpacing = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ScrollbarSize    = 14.0f;
+	style.GrabMinSize      = 10.0f;
+	style.WindowRounding   = 3.0f;
+	style.FrameRounding    = 3.0f;
+	style.PopupRounding    = 3.0f;
+	style.GrabRounding     = 3.0f;
+	style.TabRounding      = 3.0f;
+	style.WindowBorderSize = 1.0f;
+	style.FrameBorderSize  = 1.0f;
+
+	ImVec4 *c                         = style.Colors;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Text]                  = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]          = ImVec4(base01.x, base01.y, base01.z, 1.0f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]              = base03;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]               = base03;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]               = ImVec4(base02.x, base02.y, base02.z, 0.98f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_Border]                = base02;
+	c[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]          = RGBA(0x000000, 0.0f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]               = base02;
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]        = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]         = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]               = base02;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]         = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]      = base02;
+	c[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]             = base02;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]           = base02;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]         = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]  = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]   = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]             = cyan;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]            = cyan;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]      = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Button]                = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]         = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]          = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Header]                = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]         = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]          = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Separator]             = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]      = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]       = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]            = ImVec4(base1.x, base1.y, base1.z, 0.12f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]     = ImVec4(cyan.x, cyan.y, cyan.z, 0.67f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]      = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Tab]                   = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]            = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabActive]             = base02;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]          = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]    = base02;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]         = base01;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]     = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]      = ImVec4(base00.x, base00.y, base00.z, 0.6f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]            = ImVec4(base02.x, base02.y, base02.z, 0.2f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]         = ImVec4(base02.x, base02.y, base02.z, 0.35f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]        = ImVec4(cyan.x, cyan.y, cyan.z, 0.30f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]        = yellow;
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]          = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight] = ImVec4(base2.x, base2.y, base2.z, 0.70f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]     = ImVec4(base03.x, base03.y, base03.z, 0.60f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]      = ImVec4(base03.x, base03.y, base03.z, 0.60f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]             = cyan;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]      = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]         = yellow;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]  = orange;
+}
+
+
+static inline void
+ApplySolarizedLightTheme()
+{
+	// Base colors from Ethan Schoonover Solarized (light variant)
+	const ImVec4 base3  = RGBA(0xfdf6e3);
+	const ImVec4 base2  = RGBA(0xeee8d5);
+	const ImVec4 base1  = RGBA(0x93a1a1);
+	const ImVec4 base0  = RGBA(0x839496);
+	const ImVec4 base00 = RGBA(0x657b83);
+	const ImVec4 base01 = RGBA(0x586e75);
+	const ImVec4 base02 = RGBA(0x073642);
+	const ImVec4 base03 = RGBA(0x002b36);
+	const ImVec4 yellow = RGBA(0xb58900);
+	const ImVec4 orange = RGBA(0xcb4b16);
+	const ImVec4 blue   = RGBA(0x268bd2);
+	const ImVec4 cyan   = RGBA(0x2aa198);
+
+	ImGuiStyle &style      = ImGui::GetStyle();
+	style.WindowPadding    = ImVec2(8.0f, 8.0f);
+	style.FramePadding     = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.CellPadding      = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ItemSpacing      = ImVec2(6.0f, 6.0f);
+	style.ItemInnerSpacing = ImVec2(6.0f, 4.0f);
+	style.ScrollbarSize    = 14.0f;
+	style.GrabMinSize      = 10.0f;
+	style.WindowRounding   = 3.0f;
+	style.FrameRounding    = 3.0f;
+	style.PopupRounding    = 3.0f;
+	style.GrabRounding     = 3.0f;
+	style.TabRounding      = 3.0f;
+	style.WindowBorderSize = 1.0f;
+	style.FrameBorderSize  = 1.0f;
+
+	ImVec4 *c                         = style.Colors;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Text]                  = base00;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]          = ImVec4(base01.x, base01.y, base01.z, 1.0f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]              = base3;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]               = base3;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]               = ImVec4(base2.x, base2.y, base2.z, 0.98f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_Border]                = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]          = RGBA(0x000000, 0.0f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]               = base2;
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]        = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]         = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]               = base2;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]         = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]      = base2;
+	c[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]             = base2;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]           = base2;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]         = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]  = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]   = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]             = cyan;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]            = cyan;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]      = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Button]                = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]         = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]          = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Header]                = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]         = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]          = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Separator]             = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]      = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]       = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]            = ImVec4(base1.x, base1.y, base1.z, 0.12f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]     = ImVec4(cyan.x, cyan.y, cyan.z, 0.67f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]      = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_Tab]                   = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]            = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabActive]             = base2;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]          = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]    = base2;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]         = base1;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]     = base0;
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]      = ImVec4(base0.x, base0.y, base0.z, 0.6f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]            = ImVec4(base02.x, base02.y, base02.z, 0.2f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]         = ImVec4(base02.x, base02.y, base02.z, 0.35f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]        = ImVec4(cyan.x, cyan.y, cyan.z, 0.30f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]        = yellow;
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]          = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight] = ImVec4(base2.x, base2.y, base2.z, 0.70f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]     = ImVec4(base03.x, base03.y, base03.z, 0.60f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]      = ImVec4(base03.x, base03.y, base03.z, 0.60f);
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]             = cyan;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]      = blue;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]         = yellow;
+	c[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]  = orange;
+}

themes/ThemeHelpers.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef KTE_THEMEHELPERS_H
+#define KTE_THEMEHELPERS_H
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+
+// Small helper to convert packed RGB (0xRRGGBB) + optional alpha to ImVec4
+static ImVec4
+RGBA(const unsigned int rgb, float a = 1.0f)
+{
+	const float r = static_cast<float>(rgb >> 16 & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
+	const float g = static_cast<float>(rgb >> 8 & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
+	const float b = static_cast<float>(rgb & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
+	return {r, g, b, a};
+}
+
+
+#endif //KTE_THEMEHELPERS_H