bump version

+ editor removes per-buffer fields.
+ switching from internal use of 'int' to 'size_t'.
+ deleting old code
+ double checking relevancy of comments. A lot has changed in
  5 years, even more so in the past week.
+ fixing a few vestigal memory errors from the overhaul.
+ fixing search behavior

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 project(ke C)  # Specify C language explicitly
 
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
-set(KE_VERSION "1.4.0")
+set(KE_VERSION "2.1.2")
 
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-Wall -Wextra -pedantic -Wshadow -Werror -std=c99 -g")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-Wall -Wextra -pedantic -Wshadow -Werror -std=c99 -g -Werror=stringop-truncation")
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE -D_XOPEN_SOURCE")
 
 # Optionally enable AddressSanitizer (ASan)
@@ -20,11 +20,18 @@ endif()
 include(GNUInstallDirs)
 
 # Add executable
-add_executable(ke main.c)
+add_executable(ke
+        abuf.c
+        term.c
+        buffer.c
+        editor.c
+        core.c
+        core.h
+        main.c
+)
 target_compile_definitions(ke PRIVATE KE_VERSION="ke version ${KE_VERSION}")
 install(TARGETS ke RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)
 install(FILES ke.1 TYPE MAN)
 
 install(TARGETS ke RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
 install(FILES ke.1 DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_MANDIR}/man1)
-

Makefile

@@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ LDFLAGS :=	-fsanitize=address
 
 all: $(TARGET) test.txt
 
-$(TARGET): main.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(LDFLAGS) main.c
+SRCS := main.c abuf.c term.c buffer.c editor.c core.c
+HDRS :=        abuf.h term.h buffer.h editor.h core.h
+
+$(TARGET): $(SRCS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(SRCS) $(LDFLAGS)
 
 .PHONY: install
 #install: $(TARGET) 
@@ -31,3 +34,7 @@ test.txt:
 gdb:
 	@test -f $(TARGET).pid || (echo "error: $(TARGET).pid not found" >&2; exit 1)
 	@gdb -p $$(cat $(TARGET).pid | tr -d ' \t\n\r') ./$(TARGET)
+
+.PHONY: cloc
+cloc:
+	cloc $(SRCS) $(HDRS)

README.txt

@@ -19,3 +19,6 @@ Released under an ISC license.
 
 Started by following along with kilo:
     https://viewsourcecode.org/snaptoken/kilo/
+
+E.g., in the devlogs
+    https://log.wntrmute.dev/2020/02/20200207

TODO

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 [X] goto-line
 [X] text-corruption bug
 [ ] alt-modifiers
-[ ] refresh-screen
-[ ] functions -> keymapping?
+[x] refresh-screen
+[ ] functions -> keymapping? (what did this even mean)
 [X] rendering: need to skip over control characters like we do with tabs
 [X] control-d -> delete
-[ ] control-g -> exit buf prompt
-[ ] load-file prompt on dirty buffer
+[x] control-g -> exit buf prompt
+[x] load-file prompt on dirty buffer
 [ ] multiple files
+[x] utf-8
+[x] kill ring
+[x] mark/region
 
 What would it take for ke to be your daily drives?
-+ C-u
-+ Alt nav (backspace, delete, f, b, etc)
-
+[x] C-u (repeat actions)
+[x] Alt nav (backspace, delete, f, b, etc)
+[-] undo tree (C-k u/U)

abuf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "abuf.h"
+#include "core.h"
+
+
+static void
+abuf_grow(abuf *buf, size_t delta)
+{
+	if (buf->cap - buf->size < delta) {
+		ab_resize(buf, buf->cap + delta);
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+ab_init(abuf *buf)
+{
+	assert(buf != NULL);
+
+	buf->b    = NULL;
+	buf->size = buf->cap = 0;
+}
+
+
+void
+ab_init_cap(abuf *buf, const size_t cap)
+{
+	ab_init(buf);
+
+	if (cap > 0) {
+		ab_resize(buf, cap);
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+ab_resize(abuf *buf, size_t cap)
+{
+	char	*newbuf = NULL;
+
+	cap = cap_growth(buf->cap, cap) + 1;
+	newbuf = realloc(buf->b, cap);
+	assert(newbuf != NULL);
+	buf->cap = cap;
+	buf->b   = newbuf;
+}
+
+
+void
+ab_appendch(abuf *buf, char c)
+{
+	abuf_grow(buf, 1);
+	ab_append(buf, &c, 1);
+}
+
+
+void
+ab_append(abuf *buf, const char *s, size_t len)
+{
+	char	*nc = NULL;
+
+	abuf_grow(buf, len);
+	nc = buf->b;
+
+	memcpy(&nc[buf->size], s, len);
+	buf->b = nc;
+	buf->size += len;
+}
+
+
+void
+ab_prependch(abuf *buf, const char c)
+{
+	abuf_grow(buf, 1);
+
+	ab_prepend(buf, &c, 1);
+}
+
+
+void
+ab_prepend(abuf *buf, const char *s, const size_t len)
+{
+	char	*nc = NULL;
+
+	abuf_grow(buf, len);
+	nc = buf->b;
+	assert(nc != NULL);
+
+	memmove(nc + len, nc, buf->size);
+	memcpy(nc, s, len);
+
+	buf->b = nc;
+	buf->size += len;
+}
+
+
+void
+ab_free(abuf *buf)
+{
+	free(buf->b);
+	buf->b    = NULL;
+	buf->size = 0;
+	buf->cap  = 0;
+}

abuf.h

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * abuf.h - append/prepend buffer utilities
+ */
+#ifndef KE_ABUF_H
+#define KE_ABUF_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+typedef struct abuf {
+    char	*b;
+    size_t	 size;
+    size_t	 cap;
+} abuf;
+
+
+#define ABUF_INIT {NULL, 0, 0}
+
+
+void		 ab_init(abuf *buf);
+void		 ab_init_cap(abuf *buf, size_t cap);
+void		 ab_resize(abuf *buf, size_t cap);
+void		 ab_appendch(abuf *buf, char c);
+void		 ab_append(abuf *buf, const char *s, size_t len);
+void		 ab_prependch(abuf *buf, const char c);
+void		 ab_prepend(abuf *buf, const char *s, const size_t len);
+void		 ab_free(abuf *buf);
+
+
+#endif

buffer.c

@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+/* buffer.c - multiple file buffers */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "abuf.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "core.h"
+#include "editor.h"
+
+
+#define		NO_NAME		 "[No Name]"
+
+
+/* externs from other modules */
+char *editor_prompt(const char *, void (*cb)(char *, int16_t));
+
+
+static const char *
+buf_basename(const char *path)
+{
+	if (path == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	const char *slash = strrchr(path, '/');
+	return (slash != NULL) ? (slash + 1) : path;
+}
+
+
+static int
+buffer_find_exact_by_name(const char *name)
+{
+	buffer	*b = NULL;
+	size_t   i = 0;
+
+	if (name == NULL) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < editor.bufcount; i++) {
+		b                = editor.buffers[i];
+		const char *full = b->filename;
+		const char *base = buf_basename(full);
+
+		if (full && strcmp(full, name) == 0) {
+			return i;
+		}
+
+		if (base && strcmp(base, name) == 0) {
+			return i;
+		}
+
+		if (full == NULL && strcmp(name, NO_NAME) == 0) {
+			return i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+
+static int
+buffer_collect_prefix_matches(const char *prefix, int *out_idx, const int max_out)
+{
+	buffer	*b       = NULL;
+	int      count   = 0;
+	int      matched = 0;
+	size_t   i       = 0;
+	size_t	 plen    = (prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < editor.bufcount; i++) {
+		matched = 0;
+		b = editor.buffers[i];
+
+		const char *cand1 = b->filename;
+		const char *cand2 = buf_basename(cand1);
+
+		if (plen == 0) {
+			matched = 1; /* everything matches empty prefix */
+		} else {
+			if (cand2 && strncmp(cand2, prefix, plen) == 0) {
+				matched = 1;
+			} else if (cand1 && strncmp(cand1, prefix, plen) == 0) {
+				matched = 1;
+			} else if (!cand1 && strncmp(NO_NAME, prefix, plen) == 0) {
+				matched = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (matched) {
+			if (count < max_out) {
+				out_idx[count] = i;
+			}
+			count++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+
+static void
+longest_common_prefix(char *buf, const size_t bufsz, const int *idxs, const int n)
+{
+	const char *first = NULL;
+	const char *cand  = NULL;
+	int k             = 0;
+	size_t j          = 0;
+	size_t cur        = 0;
+	size_t lcp        = 0;
+	size_t to_copy    = 0;
+
+	if (n <= 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	first = buf_basename(editor.buffers[idxs[0]]->filename);
+	if (first == NULL) {
+		first = NO_NAME;
+	}
+
+	lcp = strnlen(first, FILENAME_MAX);
+	for (k = 1; k < n; k++) {
+		cand = buf_basename(editor.buffers[idxs[k]]->filename);
+		if (cand == NULL) {
+			cand = NO_NAME;
+		}
+
+		j = 0;
+		while (j < lcp && first[j] == cand[j]) {
+			j++;
+		}
+
+		lcp = j;
+		if (lcp == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	cur = strlen(buf);
+	if (lcp > cur) {
+		to_copy = lcp - cur;
+		if (cur + to_copy >= bufsz) {
+			to_copy = bufsz - cur - 1;
+		}
+
+		strncat(buf, first + cur, to_copy);
+	}
+}
+
+
+static void
+buffer_switch_prompt_cb(char *buf, const int16_t key)
+{
+	char msg[80]     = {0};
+	const char *name = NULL;
+	const char *nm   = NULL;
+	int idxs[64]     = {0};
+	int n            = 0;
+	size_t need      = 0;
+	size_t used      = 0;
+
+	if (key != TAB_KEY) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	n = buffer_collect_prefix_matches(buf, idxs, 64);
+	if (n <= 0) {
+		editor_set_status("No matches");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (n == 1) {
+		name = buf_basename(editor.buffers[idxs[0]]->filename);
+		if (name == NULL) {
+			name = NO_NAME;
+		}
+
+		need = strlen(name);
+		if (need < 128) {
+			memcpy(buf, name, need);
+			buf[need] = '\0';
+		}
+
+		editor_set_status("Unique match: %s", name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	longest_common_prefix(buf, 128, idxs, n);
+	msg[0] = '\0';
+	used   = 0;
+	used += snprintf(msg + used, sizeof(msg) - used, "%d matches: ", n);
+	for (int i = 0; i < n && used < sizeof(msg) - 1; i++) {
+		nm = buf_basename(editor.buffers[idxs[i]]->filename);
+		if (nm == NULL) {
+			nm = NO_NAME;
+		}
+
+		used += snprintf(msg + used, sizeof(msg) - used, "%s%s",
+		                 nm, (i == n - 1 ? "" : ", "));
+	}
+
+	editor_set_status("%s", msg);
+}
+
+
+const char *
+buffer_name(buffer *b)
+{
+	if (b && b->filename) {
+		return buf_basename(b->filename);
+	}
+
+	return NO_NAME;
+}
+
+
+void
+buffers_init(void)
+{
+    int	 idx = 0;
+
+ editor.buffers  = NULL;
+ editor.bufcount = 0;
+ editor.curbuf   = 0;
+ editor.bufcap	= 0;
+
+	idx = buffer_add_empty();
+	buffer_switch(idx);
+}
+
+
+static void
+buffer_list_resize(void)
+{
+    buffer	**newlist = NULL;
+
+    if (editor.bufcount == editor.bufcap) {
+        editor.bufcap = (size_t)cap_growth((int)editor.bufcap, (int)editor.bufcount + 1);
+
+        newlist = realloc(editor.buffers, sizeof(buffer *) * editor.bufcap);
+        assert(newlist != NULL);
+        editor.buffers = newlist;
+    }
+}
+
+
+int
+buffer_add_empty(void)
+{
+    buffer	 *buf    = NULL;
+    int	 idx     = 0;
+
+    buffer_list_resize();
+
+    buf = calloc(1, sizeof(buffer));
+    assert(buf != NULL);
+
+	buf->curx      = 0;
+	buf->cury      = 0;
+	buf->rx        = 0;
+	buf->nrows     = 0;
+	buf->rowoffs   = 0;
+	buf->coloffs   = 0;
+	buf->row       = NULL;
+	buf->filename  = NULL;
+	buf->dirty     = 0;
+	buf->mark_set  = 0;
+	buf->mark_curx = 0;
+	buf->mark_cury = 0;
+
+    editor.buffers[editor.bufcount] = buf;
+    idx                             = (int)editor.bufcount;
+    editor.bufcount++;
+    return idx;
+}
+
+
+void
+buffer_save_current(void)
+{
+    /* No-op: editor no longer mirrors per-buffer fields */
+    (void)editor;
+}
+
+
+buffer *
+buffer_current(void)
+{
+    if (editor.bufcount == 0 || editor.curbuf >= editor.bufcount) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return editor.buffers[editor.curbuf];
+}
+
+
+int
+buffer_is_unnamed_and_empty(const buffer *b)
+{
+	if (b == NULL) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (b->filename != NULL) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (b->dirty) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (b->nrows != 0) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (b->row != NULL) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+
+void
+buffer_switch(const int idx)
+{
+    buffer	*b = NULL;
+
+    if (idx < 0 || (size_t)idx >= editor.bufcount) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (editor.curbuf == (size_t)idx) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    b = editor.buffers[idx];
+    editor.curbuf  = (size_t)idx;
+    editor.dirtyex = 1;
+    editor_set_status("Switched to buffer %d: %s", editor.curbuf, buffer_name(b));
+}
+
+
+void
+buffer_next(void)
+{
+    size_t idx = 0;
+
+    if (editor.bufcount <= 1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    idx = (editor.curbuf + 1) % editor.bufcount;
+    buffer_switch((int)idx);
+}
+
+
+void
+buffer_prev(void)
+{
+    size_t	 idx = 0;
+
+    if (editor.bufcount <= 1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    idx = (editor.curbuf == 0) ? (editor.bufcount - 1) : (editor.curbuf - 1);
+    buffer_switch((int)idx);
+}
+
+
+void
+buffer_close_current(void)
+{
+    buffer	*b   = NULL;
+    size_t	 closing = 0;
+    int	 target  = 0;
+    int	 nb      = 0;
+
+	/* sanity check */
+	if (editor.bufcount == 0 || editor.curbuf >= editor.bufcount) {
+		editor_set_status("No buffer to close.");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	closing = editor.curbuf;
+
+	if (editor.bufcount > 1) {
+		target = (closing > 0) ? (int) (closing - 1) : (int) (closing + 1);
+		buffer_switch(target);
+	} else {
+		nb = buffer_add_empty();
+		buffer_switch(nb);
+	}
+
+	b = editor.buffers[closing];
+	if (b) {
+		if (b->row) {
+			for (size_t i = 0; i < b->nrows; i++) {
+				ab_free(&b->row[i]);
+			}
+			free(b->row);
+		}
+
+		if (b->filename) {
+			free(b->filename);
+		}
+		free(b);
+	}
+
+	memmove(&editor.buffers[closing], &editor.buffers[closing + 1],
+		sizeof(buffer *) * (editor.bufcount - closing - 1));
+
+	editor.bufcount--;
+	if (editor.bufcount == 0) {
+		editor.curbuf = 0;
+	} else {
+		if (editor.curbuf > closing) {
+			editor.curbuf--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	editor.dirtyex = 1;
+	editor_set_status("Closed buffer. Now on %s",
+			  buffer_name(editor.buffers[editor.curbuf]));
+}
+
+
+void
+buffer_switch_by_name(void)
+{
+	int	 idxs[64] = {0};
+	char	*name   = NULL;
+	int	 idx      = 0;
+	int	 n        = 0;
+
+	if (editor.bufcount <= 1) {
+		editor_set_status("No other buffers.");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	name = editor_prompt("Switch buffer (name, TAB to complete): %s", buffer_switch_prompt_cb);
+	if (name == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	idx = buffer_find_exact_by_name(name);
+	if (idx < 0) {
+		n = buffer_collect_prefix_matches(name, idxs, 64);
+		if (n == 1) {
+			idx = idxs[0];
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (idx >= 0) {
+		buffer_switch(idx);
+	} else {
+		editor_set_status("No open buffer: %s", name);
+	}
+
+	free(name);
+}

buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#ifndef KE_BUFFER_H
+#define KE_BUFFER_H
+
+#include "abuf.h"
+
+
+typedef struct buffer {
+	size_t	 curx, cury;
+	size_t	 rx;
+	size_t	 nrows;
+	size_t	 rowoffs, coloffs;
+	abuf	*row;
+	char	*filename;
+	int	 dirty;
+	int	 mark_set;
+	size_t	 mark_curx, mark_cury;
+} buffer;
+
+/* Access current buffer and convenient aliases for file-specific fields */
+buffer		*buffer_current(void);
+
+#define CURBUF			(buffer_current())
+#define EROW			(CURBUF->row)
+#define ENROWS			(CURBUF->nrows)
+#define ECURX			(CURBUF->curx)
+#define ECURY			(CURBUF->cury)
+#define ERX			(CURBUF->rx)
+#define EROWOFFS		(CURBUF->rowoffs)
+#define ECOLOFFS		(CURBUF->coloffs)
+#define EFILENAME		(CURBUF->filename)
+#define EDIRTY			(CURBUF->dirty)
+#define EMARK_SET		(CURBUF->mark_set)
+#define EMARK_CURX		(CURBUF->mark_curx)
+#define EMARK_CURY		(CURBUF->mark_cury)
+
+
+void		 buffers_init(void);
+int		 buffer_add_empty(void);
+void		 buffer_save_current(void);
+void		 buffer_switch(int idx);
+void		 buffer_next(void);
+void		 buffer_prev(void);
+void		 buffer_switch_by_name(void);
+void		 buffer_close_current(void);
+const char	*buffer_name(buffer *b);
+int		 buffer_is_unnamed_and_empty(const buffer *b);
+
+
+#endif

core.c

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "core.h"
+
+#ifdef	INCLUDE_STRNSTR
+/*
+ * Find the first occurrence of find in s, where the search is limited to the
+ * first slen characters of s.
+ */
+char *
+strnstr(const char *s, const char *find, size_t slen)
+{
+	char	 c, sc;
+	size_t	 len;
+
+	if ((c = *find++) != '\0') {
+		len = strlen(find);
+		do {
+			do {
+				if (slen-- < 1 || (sc = *s++) == '\0')
+					return (NULL);
+			} while (sc != c);
+			if (len > slen)
+				return (NULL);
+		} while (strncmp(s, find, len) != 0);
+		s--;
+	}
+	return ((char*)s);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+void
+swap_size_t(size_t *first, size_t *second)
+{
+	*first ^= *second;
+	*second ^= *first;
+	*first ^= *second;
+}
+
+
+int
+next_power_of_2(int n)
+{
+	if (n < 2) {
+		n = 2;
+	}
+
+	n--;
+	n |= n >> 1;
+	n |= n >> 2;
+	n |= n >> 4;
+	n |= n >> 8;
+	n |= n >> 16;
+
+	return n + 1;
+}
+
+
+int
+cap_growth(int cap, int sz)
+{
+	if (cap == 0) {
+		cap = INITIAL_CAPACITY;
+	}
+
+	while (cap <= sz) {
+		cap = next_power_of_2(cap + 1);
+	}
+
+	return cap;
+}
+
+
+size_t
+kstrnlen(const char *buf, const size_t max)
+{
+	if (buf == NULL) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return strnlen(buf, max);
+}
+
+
+void
+kwrite(const int fd, const char* buf, const int len)
+{
+	int wlen = 0;
+
+	wlen = write(fd, buf, len);
+	assert(wlen != -1);
+	assert(wlen == len);
+	if (wlen == -1) {
+		abort();
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+die(const char* s)
+{
+	kwrite(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
+	kwrite(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);
+
+	perror(s);
+	exit(1);
+}

core.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef KE_CORE_H
+#define KE_CORE_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#define		INITIAL_CAPACITY	8
+
+
+typedef enum key_press {
+	TAB_KEY     = 9,
+	ESC_KEY     = 27,
+	BACKSPACE   = 127,
+	ARROW_LEFT  = 1000,
+	ARROW_RIGHT = 1001,
+	ARROW_UP    = 1002,
+	ARROW_DOWN  = 1003,
+	DEL_KEY     = 1004,
+	HOME_KEY    = 1005,
+	END_KEY     = 1006,
+	PG_UP       = 1007,
+	PG_DN       = 1008,
+} key_press;
+
+
+#ifndef strnstr
+char	*strnstr(const char *s, const char *find, size_t slen);
+#define	INCLUDE_STRNSTR
+#endif
+
+void		 swap_size_t(size_t *first, size_t *second);
+int 		 next_power_of_2(int n);
+int 		 cap_growth(int cap, int sz);
+size_t		 kstrnlen(const char *buf, size_t max);
+void		 kwrite(int fd, const char *buf, int len);
+void		 die(const char *s);
+
+
+#endif

default.nix

@@ -5,9 +5,15 @@
   installShellFiles,
   ...
 }:
+let
+  cmakeContent = builtins.readFile ./CMakeLists.txt;
+  cmakeLines = lib.splitString "\n" cmakeContent;
+  versionLine = lib.findFirst (l: builtins.match ".*set\\(KE_VERSION \".+\"\\).*" l != null) (throw "KE_VERSION not found in CMakeLists.txt") cmakeLines;
+  version = builtins.head (builtins.match ".*set\\(KE_VERSION \"(.+)\"\\).*" versionLine);
+in
 stdenv.mkDerivation {
   pname = "ke";
-  version = "1.4.0";
+  inherit version;
 
   src = lib.cleanSource ./.;
 

editor.c

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/* editor.c - editor-wide state and functions */
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "abuf.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "core.h"
+#include "editor.h"
+#include "term.h"
+
+/*
+ * Global editor instance
+ */
+struct editor editor = {
+    .cols = 0,
+	.rows     = 0,
+	.mode     = 0,
+	.killring = NULL,
+	.kill     = 0,
+	.no_kill  = 0,
+	.dirtyex  = 0,
+	.uarg     = 0,
+	.ucount   = 0,
+	.msgtm    = 0,
+	.buffers  = NULL,
+	.bufcount = 0,
+	.curbuf   = 0,
+	.bufcap   = 0,
+};
+
+
+void
+editor_set_status(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vsnprintf(editor.msg, sizeof(editor.msg), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	editor.msgtm = time(NULL);
+}
+
+
+void
+init_editor(void)
+{
+	editor.cols = 0;
+	editor.rows = 0;
+
+	if (get_winsz(&editor.rows, &editor.cols) == -1) {
+		die("can't get window size");
+	}
+	editor.rows--; /* status bar */
+	editor.rows--; /* message line */
+
+	/* don't clear out the kill ring:
+	 * killing / yanking across files is helpful, and killring
+	 * is initialized to NULL at program start.
+	 */
+	editor.kill = 0;
+	editor.no_kill = 0;
+
+	editor.msg[0] = '\0';
+	editor.msgtm = 0;
+
+	/* initialize buffer system on first init */
+	if (editor.buffers == NULL && editor.bufcount == 0) {
+		editor.bufcap = 0;
+		buffers_init();
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+reset_editor(void)
+{
+	/* Reset the current buffer's contents/state. */
+	buffer *b = buffer_current();
+	if (b == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (b->row) {
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < b->nrows; i++) {
+			ab_free(&b->row[i]);
+		}
+		free(b->row);
+	}
+	b->row = NULL;
+	b->nrows = 0;
+	b->rowoffs = 0;
+	b->coloffs = 0;
+	b->rx = 0;
+	b->curx = 0;
+	b->cury = 0;
+	if (b->filename) {
+		free(b->filename);
+		b->filename = NULL;
+	}
+	b->dirty = 0;
+	b->mark_set = 0;
+	b->mark_curx = 0;
+	b->mark_cury = 0;
+}

editor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef KE_EDITOR_H
+#define KE_EDITOR_H
+
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+#include "abuf.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+
+
+struct editor {
+	size_t		  rows, cols;
+	int		  mode;
+	abuf		 *killring;
+	int		  kill;			/* KILL CHAIN (\m/) */
+	int		  no_kill;		/* don't kill in delete_row */
+	int		  dirtyex;
+	char		  msg[80];
+	int		  uarg, ucount;		/* C-u support */
+	time_t		  msgtm;
+	struct buffer	**buffers;  /* array of buffers */
+	size_t		  bufcount; /* number of buffers */
+	size_t		  curbuf;   /* current buffer index */
+	size_t		  bufcap;   /* current buffer capacity */
+};
+
+
+extern struct editor	 editor;
+void			 editor_set_status(const char *fmt, ...);
+void			 init_editor(void);
+void			 reset_editor(void);
+
+
+#endif /* KE_EDITOR_H */

ke.1

@@ -26,10 +26,17 @@ k-command mode can be exited with ESC or C-g.
 .Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -offset indent
 .It C-k BACKSPACE
 Delete from the cursor to the beginning of the line.
-.It C-k c
-Clear (flush) the kill ring.
 .It C-k SPACE
 Toggle the mark.
+.It C-k -
+If the mark is set, unindent the region.
+.It C-k =
+If the mark is set, indent the region.
+.It C-k b
+Switch to a buffer.
+.It C-k c
+Close the current buffer. If no other buffers are open, an empty
+buffer will be opened. To exit, use C-k q.
 .It C-k d
 Delete from the cursor to the end of the line.
 .It C-k C-d
@@ -37,7 +44,7 @@ Delete the entire line.
 .It C-k e
 Edit a new file. Also C-k C-e.
 .It C-k f
-Incremental find.
+Flush the kill ring.
 .It C-k g
 Go to a specific line.
 .It C-k j
@@ -46,6 +53,8 @@ Jump to the mark.
 List the number of lines of code in a saved file.
 .It C-k m
 Run make(1).
+.It C-k p
+Switch to the next buffer.
 .It C-k q
 Exit the editor. If the file has unsaved changes,
 a warning will be printed; a second C-k q will exit.
@@ -54,7 +63,11 @@ Immediately exit the editor.
 .It C-k C-r
 Reload the current buffer from disk.
 .It C-k s
-save the file, prompting for a filename if needed. Also C-k C-s.
+Save the file, prompting for a filename if needed. Also C-k C-s.
+.It C-k u
+Undo changes (not implemented; marking this k-command as taken).
+.It C-k U
+Redo changes (not implemented; marking this k-command as taken).
 .It C-k x
 save the file and exit. Also C-k C-x.
 .It C-k y
@@ -70,6 +83,9 @@ In general, C-g cancels an operation.
 Refresh the display.
 .It C-s
 Incremental find.
+.It C-u
+Universal argument. C-u followed by numbers will repeat an
+operation n times.
 .It C-w
 Kill the region if the mark is set.
 .It C-y

scratch.c

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+/*
+ * scratch.c - ideas in progress
+ */
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "abuf.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define REFLOW_MARGIN		72
+
+void
+reflow_region(void)
+{
+ int		 start_row, end_row, i, col, wlen, this_len;
+ abuf		*row;
+ struct abuf	 buf = ABUF_INIT;
+ struct abuf	 out = ABUF_INIT;
+	int		 in_paragraph = 0;
+	int		 indent_len = 0;
+	char		 indent[REFLOW_MARGIN + 1];
+	char		 word[REFLOW_MARGIN + 1];
+	char		*e = NULL;
+	char		*p = NULL;
+	char		*s = NULL;
+
+ if (EMARK_SET) {
+        if (EMARK_CURY < ECURY ||
+            (EMARK_CURY == ECURY &&
+                EMARK_CURX < ECURX)) {
+            start_row = EMARK_CURY;
+            end_row = ECURY;
+        } else {
+            start_row = ECURY;
+            end_row = EMARK_CURY;
+        }
+    } else {
+        start_row = end_row = ECURY;
+        while (start_row > 0 && EROW[start_row - 1].size > 0) {
+            start_row--;
+        }
+
+        while (end_row < ENROWS - 1 &&
+            EROW[end_row + 1].size > 0) {
+            end_row++;
+        }
+    }
+
+ if (start_row >= ENROWS) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+ if (end_row >= ENROWS) {
+        end_row = ENROWS - 1;
+    }
+
+ for (i = start_row; i <= end_row; i++) {
+        row = &EROW[i];
+
+		if (row->size == 0) {
+			if (in_paragraph) {
+				ab_append(&buf, "\n", 1);
+				in_paragraph = 0;
+			}
+
+			ab_append(&buf, "\n", 1);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+        if (!in_paragraph) {
+            indent_len = 0;
+            while (indent_len < (int)row->size &&
+                (row->b[indent_len] == ' ' ||
+                    row->b[indent_len] == '\t')) {
+                indent[indent_len] = row->b[indent_len], indent_len++;
+            }
+
+            indent[indent_len] = '\0';
+            in_paragraph = 1;
+        }
+
+        ab_append(&buf, row->b + indent_len, row->size - indent_len);
+        ab_append(&buf, " ", 1);
+    }
+
+	if (in_paragraph) {
+		ab_append(&buf, "\n", 1);
+	}
+
+
+	p = buf.b;
+	col = 0;
+
+	while (p != NULL && *p != '\0') {
+		while (*p && isspace((unsigned char)*p) &&
+			*p != '\n') {
+			p++;
+		}
+
+		if (*p == '\0') {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		wlen = 0;
+		while (*p && !isspace((unsigned char)*p)) {
+			if (wlen < REFLOW_MARGIN)
+				word[wlen++] = *p;
+			p++;
+		}
+		word[wlen] = '\0';
+
+		if (*p == '\n' && (p[1] == '\n' || p[1] == '\0')) {
+			ab_append(&out, "\n", 1); /* flush */
+			col = 0;
+			p++; /* consume the extra \n */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		this_len = wlen;
+		if (col > 0) {
+			this_len++; /* space before word */
+		}
+
+		if (col == 0) {
+			ab_append(&out, indent, indent_len);
+			col = indent_len;
+		}
+
+		if (col + this_len > REFLOW_MARGIN && col > 0) {
+			ab_append(&out, "\n", 1);
+			ab_append(&out, indent, indent_len);
+			col = indent_len;
+		}
+
+		if (col > 0) {
+			ab_append(&out, " ", 1);
+			col++;
+		}
+
+		ab_append(&out, word, wlen);
+		col += wlen;
+	}
+
+	if (col > 0) {
+		ab_append(&out, "\n", 1);
+	}
+
+	/* the old switcharoo */
+	buf = out;
+	ab_free(&out);
+
+
+ for (i = end_row; i >= start_row; i--) {
+        delete_row(i);
+    }
+
+ s = buf.b;
+ while ((e = strchr(s, '\n'))) {
+     erow_insert(start_row++, s, e - s);
+     s = e + 1;
+ }
+
+	ab_free(&buf);
+
+    EDIRTY++;
+    editor_set_status("Region reflowed to %d columns", REFLOW_MARGIN);
+}
+
+
+static inline
+void clamp_curx_to_row(void)
+{
+	abuf	*row  = NULL;
+	int	 maxx = 0;
+
+	if (ECURY >= ENROWS) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	row = &EROW[ECURY];
+	if (ECURX < 0) {
+		ECURX = 0;
+	}
+
+	maxx = (int) row->size;
+	if (ECURX > maxx) {
+		ECURX = maxx;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline
+void set_cursor(int col, int row)
+{
+	if (row < 0) {
+		row = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (row > ENROWS) {
+		row = ENROWS;
+	}
+	
+	ECURY = row;
+	ECURX = col;
+	
+	clamp_curx_to_row();
+}

term.c

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+#include "abuf.h"
+#include "core.h"
+#include "term.h"
+
+#define ESCSEQ "\x1b["
+
+
+static struct termios saved_entry_term;
+
+
+void
+enable_termraw(void)
+{
+	struct termios raw;
+
+	if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &raw) == -1) {
+		die("tcgetattr while enabling raw mode");
+	}
+
+	cfmakeraw(&raw);
+	raw.c_cc[VMIN]  = 0;
+	raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 1;
+
+	if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &raw) == -1) {
+		die("tcsetattr while enabling raw mode");
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+display_clear(abuf *ab)
+{
+	if (ab == NULL) {
+		kwrite(STDOUT_FILENO, ESCSEQ "2J", 4);
+		kwrite(STDOUT_FILENO, ESCSEQ "H", 3);
+	} else {
+		ab_append(ab, ESCSEQ "2J", 4);
+		ab_append(ab, ESCSEQ "H", 3);
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+disable_termraw(void)
+{
+	display_clear(NULL);
+
+	if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &saved_entry_term) == -1) {
+		die("couldn't disable terminal raw mode");
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+setup_terminal(void)
+{
+	if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &saved_entry_term) == -1) {
+		die("can't snapshot terminal settings");
+	}
+
+	enable_termraw();
+}
+
+
+int
+get_winsz(size_t *rows, size_t *cols)
+{
+    struct winsize ws;
+
+    if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1 || ws.ws_col == 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *cols = (size_t)ws.ws_col;
+    *rows = (size_t)ws.ws_row;
+
+    return 0;
+}

term.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef KE_TERM_H
+#define KE_TERM_H
+
+#include "abuf.h"
+
+/* Terminal control/setup API */
+void enable_termraw(void);
+void disable_termraw(void);
+void setup_terminal(void);
+void display_clear(abuf *ab);
+
+/*
+ * get_winsz uses the TIOCGWINSZ to get the window size.
+ *
+ * there's a fallback way to do this, too, that involves moving the
+ * cursor down and to the left \x1b[999C\x1b[999B. I'm going to skip
+ * on this for now because it's bloaty and this works on OpenBSD and
+ * Linux, at least.
+ */
+int  get_winsz(size_t *rows, size_t *cols);
+
+#endif /* KE_TERM_H */

undo.c

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "abuf.h"
+#include "undo.h"
+
+
+undo_node *
+undo_node_new(undo_kind kind)
+{
+	undo_node	*node = NULL;
+
+	node = (undo_node *)malloc(sizeof(undo_node));
+	assert(node != NULL);
+
+	node->kind = kind;
+	node->row = node->col = 0;
+
+	ab_init(&node->text);
+	
+	node->next = NULL;
+	node->parent = NULL;
+
+	return node;
+}
+
+
+void
+undo_node_free(undo_node *node)
+{
+	undo_node	*next = NULL;
+
+	if (node == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ab_free(&node->text);
+}
+
+
+void
+undo_node_free_all(undo_node *node)
+{
+	undo_node	*next = NULL;
+
+	if (node == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	while (node != NULL) {
+		next = node->next;
+		undo_node_free(node);
+		free(node);
+		node = next;
+	}
+}
+
+
+void
+undo_tree_init(undo_tree *tree)
+{
+	assert(tree != NULL);
+
+	tree->root    = NULL;
+	tree->current = NULL;
+	tree->pending = NULL;
+}
+
+
+void
+undo_tree_free(undo_tree *tree)
+{
+	assert(tree != NULL);
+
+	undo_node_free(tree->pending);
+	undo_node_free_all(tree->root);
+	undo_tree_init(tree);
+}
+
+
+void
+undo_begin(undo_tree *tree, undo_kind kind)
+{
+	undo_node	*pending = NULL;
+	
+	if (tree->pending != NULL) {
+		if (tree->pending->kind == kind) {
+			/* don't initiate a new undo sequence if it's the same kind */
+			return;
+		}
+		undo_commit(tree);
+	}
+
+	pending = undo_node_new(kind);
+	assert(pending != NULL);
+
+	tree->pending = pending;
+}
+
+
+void
+undo_prepend(undo_tree *tree, abuf *buf)
+{
+
+}
+
+
+void		 undo_append(undo_tree *tree, abuf *buf);
+void		 undo_prependch(undo_tree *tree, char c);
+void		 undo_appendch(undo_tree *tree, char c);
+void		 undo_commit(undo_tree *tree);
+void		 undo_apply(struct editor *editor);
+void		 editor_undo(undo_tree *tree);
+void		 editor_redo(undo_tree *tree);
+

undo.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "abuf.h"
+#include "editor.h"
+
+
+#ifndef KE_UNDO_H
+#define KE_UNDO_H
+
+
+typedef enum undo_kind {
+	UNDO_INSERT  = 1 << 0,
+	UNDO_UNKNOWN = 1 << 1,
+} undo_kind;
+
+
+typedef struct undo_node {
+	undo_kind		 kind;
+	size_t			 row, col;
+	abuf			 text;
+
+	struct undo_node	*next;
+	struct undo_node	*parent;
+
+} undo_node;
+
+
+typedef struct undo_tree {
+	undo_node	*root;		/* the start of the undo sequence */
+	undo_node	*current;	/* where we are currently at */
+	undo_node	*pending;	/* the current undo operations being built */
+} undo_tree;
+
+
+undo_node	*undo_node_new(undo_kind kind);
+void		 undo_node_free(undo_node *node);
+void		 undo_tree_init(undo_tree *tree);
+void		 undo_tree_free(undo_tree *tree);
+void		 undo_begin(undo_tree *tree, undo_kind kind);
+void		 undo_prepend(undo_tree *tree, abuf *buf);
+void		 undo_append(undo_tree *tree, abuf *buf);
+void		 undo_prependch(undo_tree *tree, char c);
+void		 undo_appendch(undo_tree *tree, char c);
+void		 undo_commit(undo_tree *tree);
+void		 undo_apply(struct editor *editor);
+void		 editor_undo(undo_tree *tree);
+void		 editor_redo(undo_tree *tree);
+
+
+#endif